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Assessment of Nontarget Small Mammal Occupancy Using Broadly Designed Camera Arrays.

Ashley M Olah¹, Laken S Ganoe¹, Christopher J Hickling¹

¹Quest Lab, Department of Natural Resources Science University of Rhode Island Kingston Rhode Island USA.

Ecology and Evolution

|June 22, 2026

Summary

Camera trap bycatch reveals trends in nontarget species like squirrels and chipmunks. This data offers valuable ecological insights beyond the original study

Keywords:

bycatch camera traps cottontail occupancy dynamics rodent squirrel

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Area of Science:

Ecology
Wildlife Biology
Conservation Science

Background:

Camera traps are crucial for ecological research, often capturing nontarget species (bycatch).
Bycatch data can be repurposed to study species not originally targeted.
Existing camera trap data offers a valuable, often underutilized, resource for ecological insights.

Purpose of the Study:

To assess distributions and trends of nontarget species captured in a mesocarnivore-focused camera trap study.
To model seasonal occupancy dynamics of key small mammal species in Rhode Island.
To demonstrate the utility of bycatch data for broader ecological monitoring.

Main Methods:

Utilized dynamic occupancy models within a Bayesian framework.
Modeled seasonal occupancy for eastern gray squirrels, red squirrels, eastern chipmunks, cottontails, and small rodents (2019-2023).
Analyzed relationships between species occupancy and environmental variables like productivity, forest type, and human modification.

Main Results:

Gray squirrel, chipmunk, cottontail, and small rodent occupancy increased from 2019-2023.
Red squirrel occupancy showed a slight decline.
Occupancy drivers varied: gray squirrels linked to productivity, red squirrels to forest type and human impact, cottontails to young forests, chipmunks to forest recovery and precipitation, and small rodents to forest structure.

Conclusions:

Nontarget camera trap data provides significant insights into understudied species' ecology.
Bycatch analysis can inform ecosystem health assessments and identify predictors for target species.
Repurposing camera trap data enhances research efficiency and broadens ecological understanding.