Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Reduction of Alkynes to trans-Alkenes: Sodium in Liquid Ammonia02:10

Reduction of Alkynes to trans-Alkenes: Sodium in Liquid Ammonia

Alkynes can be reduced to trans-alkenes using sodium or lithium in liquid ammonia. The reaction, known as dissolving metal reduction, proceeds with an anti addition of hydrogen across the carbon–carbon triple bond to form the trans product. Since ammonia exists as a gas (bp = −33°C) at room temperature, the reaction is carried out at low temperatures using a mixture of dry ice (sublimes at −78°C) and acetone.
When dissolved in liquid ammonia, an alkali metal, such as sodium, dissociates into a...
Batteries and Fuel Cells03:12

Batteries and Fuel Cells

A battery is a galvanic cell that is used as a source of electrical power for specific applications. Modern batteries exist in a multitude of forms to accommodate various applications, from tiny button batteries such as those that power wristwatches to the very large batteries used to supply backup energy to municipal power grids. Some batteries are designed for single-use applications and cannot be recharged (primary cells), while others are based on conveniently reversible cell reactions that...
Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation02:17

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...
Electrolysis03:00

Electrolysis

In a galvanic cell, the electrical work is done by a redox system on its surroundings as electrons produced by the spontaneous redox reactions are transferred through an external circuit. Alternatively, an external circuit does work on a redox system by imposing a voltage sufficient to drive an otherwise nonspontaneous reaction in a process known as electrolysis. For instance, recharging a battery involves the use of an external power source to drive the spontaneous (discharge) cell reaction in...
Electrodeposition01:08

Electrodeposition

Electrodeposition is a technique used to separate an analyte from interferents by electrochemical processes. Here, the analyte is a metal ion that can be deposited on an electrode immersed in the sample solution. The electrochemical setup consists of an anode and a cathode. When an electric current is applied to the setup, oxidation occurs at the anode. At the cathode, which consists of a large metal surface, metal ions undergo reduction and deposit onto the surface.
Electrodeposition can...
Types of Reversible Electrodes01:24

Types of Reversible Electrodes

For electrode reversibility to be maintained, all the reactants and products involved in the half-reaction must be present at the electrode. There are several types of reversible electrodes (half-cells).In metal-metal-ion electrodes, a metal balances electrochemically with a solution of its own ions. Examples are Cu2+|Cu and Zn2+|Zn. Metals that react with the solvent, like group 1 and most group 2 metals, which react with water, and zinc, which reacts with aqueous acidic solutions, cannot be...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Nanoconfined Supercooled Water in Hydrated Two-Dimensional Polyaniline for Sub-Zero Solid-State Zinc-Ion Hybrid Capacitor.

Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2024
Same author

Perspective on Lewis Acid-Base Interactions in Emerging Batteries.

Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)·2024
Same author

Heterostructured WO<sub>x</sub>/W<sub>2</sub>C Nanocatalyst for Li<sub>2</sub>S Oxidation in Lithium-Sulfur Batteries with High-Areal-Capacity.

Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2024
Same author

Nanoarchitectonics on Z-scheme and Mott-Schottky heterostructure for photocatalytic water oxidation <i>via</i> dual-cascade charge-transfer pathways.

Nanoscale advances·2023
Same author

Rationalized design of hyperbranched trans-scale graphene arrays for enduring high-energy lithium metal batteries.

Science advances·2022
Same author

Introducing Stacking Faults into Three-Dimensional Branched Nickel Nanoparticles for Improved Catalytic Activity.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2022

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Characterization of Electrode Materials for Lithium Ion and Sodium Ion Batteries Using Synchrotron Radiation Techniques
10:03

Characterization of Electrode Materials for Lithium Ion and Sodium Ion Batteries Using Synchrotron Radiation Techniques

Published on: November 11, 2013

Interphasial Catalytic Anion Reduction for Stable Anode-Free Sodium-Metal Batteries.

Qiaowei Lin1,2,3, Bowen Fu1, Zhengjie Chen1

  • 1Faculty of Materials Science and Energy Engineering, Shenzhen University of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen 518107, China.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|June 22, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Anode-free sodium metal batteries (AFSMBs) show promise, but require stable solid electrolyte interphases (SEIs). This study introduces an interphasial catalytic anion reduction (ICAR) strategy using malonic acid to create a NaF-rich SEI, enhancing AFSMB cycling stability.

More Related Videos

Zinc-Sponge Battery Electrodes that Suppress Dendrites
06:58

Zinc-Sponge Battery Electrodes that Suppress Dendrites

Published on: September 29, 2020

Solar-Driven Electrochemical Green Fuel Production from CO2 and Water Using Ti3C2Tx MXene-Supported CuZn and NiCo Catalysts
10:15

Solar-Driven Electrochemical Green Fuel Production from CO2 and Water Using Ti3C2Tx MXene-Supported CuZn and NiCo Catalysts

Published on: November 7, 2025

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Characterization of Electrode Materials for Lithium Ion and Sodium Ion Batteries Using Synchrotron Radiation Techniques
10:03

Characterization of Electrode Materials for Lithium Ion and Sodium Ion Batteries Using Synchrotron Radiation Techniques

Published on: November 11, 2013

Zinc-Sponge Battery Electrodes that Suppress Dendrites
06:58

Zinc-Sponge Battery Electrodes that Suppress Dendrites

Published on: September 29, 2020

Solar-Driven Electrochemical Green Fuel Production from CO2 and Water Using Ti3C2Tx MXene-Supported CuZn and NiCo Catalysts
10:15

Solar-Driven Electrochemical Green Fuel Production from CO2 and Water Using Ti3C2Tx MXene-Supported CuZn and NiCo Catalysts

Published on: November 7, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • Anode-free sodium metal batteries (AFSMBs) offer high energy density but suffer from poor cycling stability due to unstable solid electrolyte interphases (SEIs).
  • Current SEI stabilization methods using fluorinated solvents and high-concentration salts are costly and environmentally concerning.
  • Developing stable SEIs is crucial for the practical viability of AFSMBs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a cost-effective and environmentally benign strategy for stabilizing the SEI in AFSMBs.
  • To investigate the interphasial catalytic anion reduction (ICAR) effect for selective NaF-rich SEI formation.
  • To enhance the cycling performance and energy density of AFSMBs.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing malonic acid as a molecular electron transfer facilitator to promote anion reduction kinetics.
  • Employing the dipole moment effect of malonic acid to selectively decrease P-F bond dissociation energy.
  • Characterizing the SEI composition and evaluating battery performance through electrochemical cycling tests.

Main Results:

  • The ICAR strategy successfully formed a stable NaF-rich SEI, significantly improving cycling stability.
  • Achieved an average Coulombic efficiency (CE) of 99.95% over 1000 cycles for sodium plating/stripping.
  • Demonstrated a high-loading cathode AFSMB with 0.11% capacity decay per cycle over 300 cycles and a 3-Ah pouch cell delivering 212 Wh kg-1.

Conclusions:

  • The ICAR strategy provides a novel and effective approach for constructing robust interphases in AFSMBs.
  • This method offers a sustainable and efficient alternative to traditional SEI stabilization techniques.
  • The findings pave the way for next-generation anode-free batteries with enhanced performance and longevity.