Stack of Bi₂Se₃/Carbon Films with Pyramid Interface for Dual-Mode Temperature-Pressure Sensing in Aquatic...

Area of Science:

• Materials Science
• Sensor Technology
• Environmental Monitoring

Background:

• Underwater sensing faces challenges in high humidity and requires simultaneous multi-parameter detection.
• Existing dual-mode temperature-pressure sensors often need complex encapsulation, hindering integration.
• Developing a single-material solution for underwater dual-mode sensing is a significant challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop a waterproof, dual-mode underwater sensor capable of simultaneous temperature and pressure detection.
• To create a flexible sensor using a novel composite material for enhanced performance and integration.
• To overcome limitations of current underwater sensing technologies for marine exploration.

Main Methods:

• Fabrication of bismuth selenide/carbon paper (Bi2Se3/CP) composite films via electrochemical deposition.
• Creation of pyramid-interface-structured Bi2Se3 layers on a flexible CP substrate.
• Construction and testing of vertically stacked sensors for underwater performance evaluation.

Main Results:

• The Bi2Se3/CP film demonstrated significantly enhanced thermoelectric properties (power factor of 106.0 μW m⁻¹ K⁻²).
• The developed sensor achieved high-precision underwater temperature and pressure detection with a fast response time (0.9 s) and high sensitivity (0.94% kPa⁻¹).
• The sensor exhibited excellent hydrophobicity (contact angle of 143.7°) and robust stability, suitable for harsh underwater environments.

Conclusions:

• A waterproof, flexible dual-mode sensor based on Bi2Se3/CP composite films was successfully developed.
• The sensor enables synchronous and decoupled detection of temperature and pressure underwater with high performance.
• This technology provides a reliable solution for underwater human-machine interaction and environmental monitoring.