[Primary care for people with disabilities in Munich: results of a cross-sectional study]

Despite laws for non-discriminatory medical care, people with disabilities often perceive their primary care as insufficient. They report barriers to access and uncertainties among medical staff. The aim of this study was to examine the primary care situation for people with disabilities in Munich.

In this cross-sectional study, between August and October 2024, people with disabilities in Munich were surveyed about their primary care experience using a questionnaire. No exclusion criteria were applied. The survey was conducted both online and in written form, using plain- and easy-to-read language. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and bivariate analyses were conducted to examine associations. Logistic regression analysis was used to calculate predictors for the likelihood of having or having had difficulties in finding a general practitioner.

A total of 306 people participated in the survey; 95% (n=291) reported having a GP, and over 80% were satisfied with medical (n=253) and practice staff (n=252). Nevertheless, 39% (n=111) reported difficulties in finding a GP, and 33% (n=91) had been refused by a practice at least once. Differences in care were observed regarding the utilization of appointments, the need to visit a GP due to disability, difficulties in finding a medical practice, freedom of choice of physician, and acceptance into a GP practice, depending on gender, living situation, and type of disability, as well as with regard to the need for home visits. In addition, multivariate analyses showed that people with disabilities had a significantly higher risk of experiencing difficulties in finding a GP if they had previously been refused by a practice, were restricted during medical visits, or needed home visits.

The study shows that, from the perspective of people with disabilities, primary care was rated as satisfactory; however, access problems persist due to structural, communication and social barriers. The results can help provide stakeholders with practical arguments to improve the care situation.