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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Mapping Absolute DNA Density in Cell Nuclei using Single-molecule Localization Microscopy

Mapping Absolute DNA Density in Cell Nuclei using Single-molecule Localization Microscopy

Published on: November 11, 2025

IR Map of the Human Cell.

Anna Antolak¹, Aleksandra Pragnaca^1,2, Karolina Augustyniak¹

¹Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland.

Analytical Chemistry

|June 22, 2026

Summary

This study introduces an "IR map of the cell" using optical photothermal infrared (OPTIR) microscopy for label-free chemical identification of cellular components. This advanced technique overcomes diffraction limits for detailed subcellular analysis.

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Area of Science:

Biophysics
Cellular Biology
Spectroscopy

Background:

Conventional infrared (IR) microscopy faces limitations due to the diffraction limit, hindering subcellular analysis.
Overlapping vibrational bands in IR spectra complicate precise molecular identification within cells.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a standardized
IR map of the cell
for label-free chemical identification of subcellular compartments.
To enhance spatial resolution beyond conventional Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) imaging for detailed cellular mapping.

Main Methods:

Integration of FTIR spectroscopy with submicron-resolution optical photothermal infrared (OPTIR) microscopy (∼0.3 μm).
Application of advanced chemometric tools for segmenting cellular compartments (nucleus, cytoplasm, lipid-rich, glycogen-rich regions).
Utilized in silico modeling and spectroscopic characterization to validate spectral assignments and define marker bands for biomolecules.

Main Results:

Successfully mapped the cellular landscape with improved spatial specificity using OPTIR microscopy.
Identified distinct "IR barcodes" for nucleus, cytoplasm, lipid, and glycogen-rich regions.
In silico modeling validated spectral assignments, supporting the linear combination of biomolecular classes for spectral interpretation.

Conclusions:

The developed "IR map of the cell" offers a standardized framework for label-free chemical interpretation of cellular components.
This approach enhances the utility of IR microscopy as a diagnostic tool for monitoring cellular status and metabolic shifts at the micrometric level.