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  3. Express: Exaggerated Self-referencing In Body Dysmorphic Disorder.
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  3. Express: Exaggerated Self-referencing In Body Dysmorphic Disorder.

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EXPRESS: Exaggerated Self-Referencing in Body Dysmorphic Disorder.

Maria Richards-Brown1, Santiago Castiello de Obeso2, Rebecca Dennison3

  • 1King's College London, Department of Psychosis Studies, United Kingdom.

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology (2006)
|June 23, 2026

View abstract on PubMed

Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

People with Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD) show a heightened bias towards self-relevant information, learning and processing it faster than information about others. This self-prioritization effect may explain disrupted body image in BDD.

Keywords:
Body Dysmorphic Disorderassociationself-prioritisation

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Clinical Psychology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • The self-prioritization effect describes a cognitive bias where individuals preferentially learn and process self-relevant information over information pertaining to others.
  • This bias may be implicated in the disrupted body image and perception characteristic of Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD), a condition marked by preoccupation with perceived flaws.
  • Understanding self-prioritization in BDD could offer insights into the disorder's underlying mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between the self-prioritization effect and Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD) symptom severity.
  • To explore how individuals with varying levels of BDD symptoms learn and process self-related versus other-related information.
  • To examine reaction time and accuracy in associating stimuli with the self, a friend, or a stranger in relation to BDD severity.

Main Methods:

  • An associative learning matching paradigm was employed, presenting participants with geometric shapes paired with 'You', a 'Friend', or a 'Stranger'.
  • Participants indicated 'match' or 'mismatch' for label-shape pairings, assessing accuracy and reaction times.
  • The Body Dysmorphic Disorder Questionnaire (BDDQ) was used to measure symptom severity; impulsivity and depression were also assessed in Experiment 2.

Main Results:

  • Higher BDDQ scores correlated with improved accuracy in identifying self-related associations compared to stranger associations, with friend associations being intermediate.
  • Experiment 2 revealed that higher BDDQ scores were linked to better accuracy for 'You' matches over 'Friend' matches and faster reaction times overall.
  • No significant relationship was found between reaction time effects and impulsivity or depression.

Conclusions:

  • Individuals with higher BDD symptom severity exhibit an enhanced self-prioritization effect, demonstrating faster learning and processing of self-relevant cues.
  • These findings suggest that exaggerated salience of person-centered cues, particularly self-related ones, plays a significant role in BDD.
  • The study extends the understanding of self-prioritization to the learning of new self-related information in the context of BDD.