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Inhaled Medications01:23

Inhaled Medications

Inhaled medications are crucial for managing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma. They are essential for effective treatment and control, ensuring optimal respiratory health and well-being. Inhaled medication delivers drugs directly to the lungs, providing a rapid onset of action and reducing systemic side effects compared to oral or injectable medications. Three primary types of inhalation devices are used to administer these medications: nebulizers, metered-dose inhalers...
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Chronic obstructive pulmonary isease (COPD) involves a group of progressive lung disorders characterized by persistent airflow limitation and chronic respiratory symptoms. Asthma-COPD Overlap Syndrome (ACOS), encompassing features of both asthma and Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), is a group of progressive lung disorders that includes chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and refractory (non-reversible) asthma. ACOS leads to complex clinical presentations that combine the inflammatory...
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Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital
12:08

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Published on: June 11, 2012

A data-driven approach to stock inhaler programming implementation in Chicago Public Schools.

Mariya Patwa1, Jennifer Cushman1, Rachel Lane1

  • 1University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 S. Wood Street, MC 719, Chicago, IL 60612 USA.

Discover Public Health
|June 23, 2026
PubMed
Summary

High asthma rates in Chicago disproportionately affect Black and low-income students. Stock inhalers in schools can help reduce disparities in asthma care and improve student health outcomes.

Keywords:
AsthmaChild healthHealth disparitiesSchool health

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Pediatric Asthma Management
  • Health Equity

Background:

  • Asthma prevalence is high in Chicago, with significant disparities in rescue inhaler access among Black and low-income student populations.
  • Limited access to asthma medication in schools impacts student attendance and academic achievement, highlighting a critical need for accessible interventions.
  • Stock inhalers, or undesignated inhalers for respiratory distress, offer a potential solution to address immediate needs within the school environment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the pre-intervention asthma environment in Chicago Public Schools (CPS) to ensure equitable implementation of a stock inhaler program.
  • To examine the association between asthma status and school/student characteristics within CPS.
  • To identify gaps in asthma prevalence and support plan accessibility across diverse student demographics.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of the asthma environment in pilot, ramp-up, and non-pilot CPS.
  • Utilized chi-squared tests, Kruskal Wallis tests, and generalized estimating equation models.
  • Included 517 district-run schools and over 266,000 students in the analysis.

Main Results:

  • Higher median asthma prevalence was observed in high schools (6.39%) compared to elementary schools (4.49%).
  • Non-Hispanic Black students had higher odds of asthma but lower odds of a 504 plan and higher odds of an IEP compared to Hispanic students.
  • Low-income and unhoused students exhibited significantly higher odds of asthma.

Conclusions:

  • While the stock inhaler scale-up was equitable, significant gaps in asthma prevalence and support plan allocation persist within CPS.
  • Data-driven strategies, such as school-based stock inhalers, are crucial for mitigating disparities in asthma documentation and medication access.
  • Addressing underlying social determinants of health is essential for comprehensive asthma management in urban school districts.