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Related Concept Videos

Gas Chromatography: Sample Injection Systems01:08

Gas Chromatography: Sample Injection Systems

In gas chromatography, the sample is introduced as a vapor plug into the carrier gas stream for high efficiency and resolution. A microsyringe injects the sample solution into a heated sample port, vaporizing it and mixing it with the carrier gas. This process is important to ensure the sample is properly prepared for analysis. Thermally sensitive samples can be injected directly into the column and volatilized by slowly increasing the column temperature.
Two primary injection methods are used...

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Fast Grid Preparation for Time-Resolved Cryo-Electron Microscopy
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Published on: November 6, 2021

Towards time-resolved MicroED grid preparation using mix-and-inject gas dynamic virtual nozzles.

Jacob A Summers1, Niko W Vlahakis2,3,4, Kara A Zielinski5

  • 1Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.

Iucrj
|June 23, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Gas dynamic virtual nozzle (GDVN) technology was adapted for cryogenic Microcrystal Electron Diffraction (MicroED) sample preparation. This study explores GDVN for depositing protein crystals onto grids, paving the way for time-resolved MicroED studies.

Keywords:
MicroEDgas dynamic virtual nozzleproteinase Ktime-resolved studies

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Last Updated: Jun 24, 2026

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10:12

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Published on: June 12, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Structural Biology
  • Biophysics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Serial X-ray diffraction using gas dynamic virtual nozzles (GDVN) enables visualization of protein dynamics in crystals.
  • This method requires numerous crystals and significant beam time, limiting accessibility.
  • Cryogenic Microcrystal Electron Diffraction (MicroED) offers a more accessible alternative for nanocrystallography, requiring fewer crystals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To integrate GDVN technology into the sample preparation workflow for cryogenic MicroED.
  • To assess the feasibility of using GDVN for depositing protein crystals onto electron microscopy grids for MicroED.
  • To lay the groundwork for developing time-resolved MicroED experiments.

Main Methods:

  • Incorporation of GDVN technology into the sample freezing process for MicroED.
  • Deposition of protein crystals (proteinase K) onto transmission electron microscopy (TEM) grids using GDVNs.
  • Vitrification of samples and subsequent MicroED data collection.
  • Analysis of deposition efficiency and MicroED data quality.

Main Results:

  • Successful deposition of protein crystals onto TEM grids using GDVNs was demonstrated.
  • MicroED data collection was successful, yielding high-resolution structural information.
  • Limited deposition efficiency of protein crystals using GDVNs was observed.

Conclusions:

  • GDVN technology can be utilized for depositing crystals on grids for MicroED.
  • This represents a crucial first step towards developing time-resolved MicroED experiments.
  • Methodological challenges in optimizing deposition efficiency need to be addressed for a reliable workflow.