A Comprehensive Overview on Bioutilization of Marine Byssal Protein: Chemistry, Characterization, and Biomedical...

Marine molluscs produce a class of proteinaceous materials, byssal proteins that possess unique mechanical and adhesive properties. In this sense, the extraordinary adhesion of mussel byssal proteins is inspiring a new class of surgical glues and sealants designed to perform in wet, dynamic physiological environments. Beyond their performance, these materials represent a sustainable and biodegradable alternative to conventional synthetic polymers. In parallel, sea-silk is most admirable biomaterials with high biocompatibility in the tissue engineering field. With its fibre-like structure and excellent biocompatibility, sea silk is emerging as a transformative scaffold for regenerative medicine, capable of guiding cell differentiation and accelerating wound repair. Polymeric glues and hydrogels inspired by mussel foot proteins achieve higher shear adhesion on biological tissues. These adhesives have successfully sealed wounds, supported transplanted cells, and repaired fetal membranes, highlighting the translational potential of marine byssal proteins and sea-silk in regenerative medicine, surgery, and eco-friendly adhesives. The critical challenge now lies in translating these natural wonders from the ocean to the clinic through scalable and cost-effective production. This review provides a critical overview of the chemistry, structure, and biomedical applications of these marine proteins, outlining their potential to revolutionize the field of advanced biomaterials.