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Deep Eutectic Solvent Based Multifunctional Hydrogels for Strain Sensing and Electrophysiological Signal Monitoring.

Shanlei Chang^1,2, Ruiting Shan³, Yuchen Wang^2,4

¹College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, P. R. China.

Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)

|June 23, 2026

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Researchers developed a novel hydrogel using a deep eutectic solvent (DES) for flexible electronics. This advanced material exhibits superior anti-freezing and moisture-retention capabilities, enabling reliable wearable sensors.

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Polymer Chemistry
Flexible Electronics

Background:

Hydrogels are promising for flexible electronics but limited by extreme environmental conditions (freezing/dehydration).
Natural cryoprotection mechanisms offer inspiration for overcoming these limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

To design and synthesize a multifunctional hydrogel with enhanced anti-freezing and moisture-retention properties.
To evaluate the hydrogel's performance as a wearable strain sensor for flexible electronics.

Main Methods:

A hydrophilic deep eutectic solvent (DES) of acryloyloxyethyltrimethylammonium chloride (AETC) and urea was synthesized.
The DES/H2O binary solvent was photopolymerized into a multifunctional hydrogel (PAETC-urea).
Characterization of hydrogel properties including anti-freezing, moisture retention, elasticity, transparency, adhesion, and self-healing.

Keywords:

deep eutectic solvent electrophysiological signal monitoring environmental adaptability hydrogel strain sensors

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Main Results:

The PAETC-urea hydrogel demonstrated exceptional anti-freezing properties down to -80°C and long-term moisture retention due to DES-confined water molecules.
The hydrogel exhibited high transparency (95%), remarkable stretchability (>3000%), strong adhesion, and efficient self-healing.
The material successfully functioned as a wearable strain sensor for detecting human motion and electrophysiological signals.

Conclusions:

The developed PAETC-urea hydrogel overcomes the limitations of conventional hydrogels in extreme environments.
Its unique properties make it highly suitable for next-generation flexible electronics, particularly wearable sensors.
This research paves the way for more robust and versatile electronic devices.