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Induction of Paralysis and Visual System Injury in Mice by T Cells Specific for Neuromyelitis Optica Autoantigen Aquaporin-4
Published on: August 21, 2017
Immunity Gone Viral: Subacute Cognitive Decline With Multifocal Brain Lesions in Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum
Sonali Ajwani1, Brian G Weinshenker2,3,4, Caterina Giannini5
1Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, TX.
Neurology(R) Neuroimmunology & Neuroinflammation
|June 23, 2026
Summary
Subacute cognitive decline and imbalance in aquaporin-4-antibody-seropositive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (AQP4+NMOSD) can stem from various causes. This case highlights the diagnostic and treatment approach for multifocal brain lesions in AQP4+NMOSD.
Area of Science:
- Neuroimmunology
- Neurology
- Demyelinating Diseases
Background:
- Aquaporin-4-antibody-seropositive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (AQP4+NMOSD) can present with diverse neurological symptoms.
- Subacute cognitive decline and imbalance are significant neurological deficits that require thorough investigation.
- Cerebral involvement in AQP4+NMOSD, infections, and immunosuppression complications form a broad differential diagnosis.
Purpose of the Study:
- To highlight the diagnostic and treatment approach for a patient with AQP4+NMOSD experiencing subacute cognitive decline and imbalance.
- To discuss the differential diagnosis of multifocal brain lesions in the context of AQP4+NMOSD.
- To emphasize the importance of a systematic approach in managing complex neurological presentations in AQP4+NMOSD.
Main Methods:
- Case report detailing a patient with AQP4+NMOSD.
- Review of diagnostic workup for subacute cognitive decline and imbalance.
- Analysis of treatment strategies for multifocal brain lesions in AQP4+NMOSD.
Main Results:
- The patient presented with subacute cognitive decline and imbalance.
- Multifocal brain lesions were identified, necessitating a comprehensive diagnostic evaluation.
- The diagnostic and treatment approach successfully managed the patient's condition.
Conclusions:
- Subacute cognitive decline and imbalance in AQP4+NMOSD warrant a broad differential diagnosis.
- Prompt and accurate diagnosis is crucial for effective management of cerebral involvement in AQP4+NMOSD.
- A multidisciplinary approach is essential for optimizing outcomes in patients with complex AQP4+NMOSD presentations.
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