A Novel Framework for Gene Regulatory Network Inference Integrating Bidirectional Mamba and Dual Contrastive Learning

Reconstructing gene regulatory networks (GRNs) with directionality and regulatory types is an important challenge in computational biology. Existing methods often struggle to effectively capture complex topological structures in highly skewed GRNs due to imbalances between local and global information and to the collapse of representation dimensionality. To address these challenges, we propose BMGRN, a unified framework that reconstructs directional and GRNs with regulation types by integrating bidirectional state space modeling with dual contrastive representation learning. Drawing inspiration from sequence modeling, BMGRN employs an enhanced bidirectional Mamba2 architecture to capture long-range dependencies and asymmetric regulatory interactions between genes efficiently. This design enables global information propagation while maintaining directional specificity. Furthermore, a dual contrastive learning mechanism is introduced to alleviate oversmoothing and dimensional collapse, enforcing representation uniformity and discriminability in low-connectivity scenarios. By coupling these representations with a KAN-based convolutional predictor, BMGRN adaptively learns nonlinear dependencies and regulatory modes, thereby improving its modeling capacity for the GRN inference. Experiments on multiple benchmark data sets show that BMGRN attains superior performance, demonstrating great potential for large-scale GRN inference. The code is available at https://github.com/KanZh/BMGRN.