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Minimum standards for co-design in public health research: Results from a double consensus process
Carmen Vargas1, Rebecca Bennett1, Cindy Needham1
1Deakin Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin Centre for Global Preventive Health and Nutrition, School of Health and Social Development, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia.
Public Health
|June 23, 2026
Summary
Establishing minimum standards for co-design in public health research enhances equity and accountability. This consensus-based approach provides clear guidelines for effective and equitable public health interventions.
Area of Science:
- Public Health Research
- Community-Based Participatory Research
- Health Equity
Background:
- Co-design is increasingly utilized in public health research to promote equity and accountability.
- However, a lack of standardized minimum standards can hinder conceptual integrity and methodological rigor.
- Establishing clear guidelines is crucial for effective and equitable participatory research.
Purpose of the Study:
- To establish consensus-based minimum standards for co-design in public health research.
- To strengthen equity, transparency, and accountability in participatory research practices.
- To provide a framework for researchers, practitioners, and funders.
Main Methods:
- A double-consensus approach was employed, combining virtual Nominal Group Technique (NGT) workshops with a two-round modified Delphi survey.
- Experienced co-design researchers participated in the virtual NGT workshops to generate and prioritize items.
- A modified Delphi survey with 61 participants in Round 1 and 34 in Round 2 refined and reached consensus on survey statements.
Main Results:
- Consensus was reached on 31 out of 48 items, encompassing critical principles, co-design steps, evaluation criteria, and follow-up actions.
- Key principles included inclusivity, transparent communication, accessibility, and relationship building.
- Consensus covered essential steps like clear purpose, sustained engagement, iterative design, and outcome dissemination.
Conclusions:
- Consensus-based minimum standards can significantly enhance the conceptual integrity and methodological rigor of public health research.
- These standards promote clarity, transparency, and comparability in co-design practices.
- The proposed standards can guide stakeholders towards more effective and equitable public health interventions.
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