Innate immunity in allergic diseases: Novel concepts

Area of Science:

• Immunology
• Allergy Research
• Innate Immunity

Background:

• Type 2 (T2) immunity normally protects against parasites but its dysregulation causes allergic diseases.
• Innate immune responses are increasingly recognized as crucial in initiating and sustaining allergic disorders.
• Innate immune cells are identified as key drivers, potential biomarkers, and therapeutic targets in allergy.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review recent findings on molecular mechanisms of innate-adaptive immune interactions in T2-mediated diseases.
• To discuss the role of trained immunity in allergic disease development.
• To highlight the potential for novel biomarkers and precision medicine in allergy.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of recent advances in T2 immunity and innate immune cell roles.
• Synthesis of molecular mechanisms underlying innate-adaptive immune interplay.
• Discussion of trained immunity concepts in allergic contexts.

Main Results:

• Innate immune cells critically influence the development and chronification of allergic diseases.
• T2-mediated diseases like asthma and atopic dermatitis involve complex innate-adaptive immune interactions.
• Trained immunity, both adaptive and maladaptive, impacts allergic disease susceptibility and progression.

Conclusions:

• Understanding innate immune pathways is vital for identifying new biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
• Precision medicine approaches targeting innate immunity can improve patient quality of life.
• Targeting innate immunity offers a promising strategy to reduce the socioeconomic burden of allergic diseases.