[Evaluation of Synergy Level and Path Analysis of Pollution Reduction and Carbon Reduction in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei...

Realizing the synergy of pollution reduction （PR） and carbon reduction （CR） is the overall starting point for promoting the comprehensive green and low-carbon transformation of economic and social development. The evaluation of the synergy degree of urban PR and CR is a powerful means to promote the synergistic effect of PR and CR. In this context， this study focuses on the synergy level of PR and CR at the city level. Based on the DPSIR model framework， this study designs the evaluation indicator system of the synergy level of PR and CR. Then， we construct an evaluation model and evaluate the synergy level of PR and CR in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei （BTH） Urban Agglomeration from 2013 to 2022. Further， this study utilizes the PLS-SEM model to analyze the synergistic path of PR and CR. The results show that：①The synergy index of PR and CR in the BTH Urban Agglomerations showed an upward trend， and the synergy level of all the cities has improved. Among them， Beijing has realized a high synergy level of PR and CR， Tianjin has improved from the initial lower synergy level to the general synergy level， and the cities in Hebei Province were all at the lower synergy level. ② The driving force index and response index of the cities within the BTH Urban Agglomerations differed significantly， showing a spatial differentiation pattern of Beijing > Tianjin > prefecture-level cities in Hebei Province. Except for Xingtai and Hengshui， the pressure indexes of the remaining cities have increased. All cities achieved significant improvement in their state indexes， with Beijing， Shijiazhuang， Langfang， and Hengshui excelling in PR and CR， while Tangshan was relatively poor. Beijing's impact index was much higher than that of the other cities， and Xingtai and Handan had the fastest improvement in their impact indexes. ③ The results of the path analysis showed that R had a significant positive effect on D， S， and I and a significant negative effect on P. In addition， R had a significant moderating effect on both "D→P" and "P→S". Strengthening the response measures is the key path for the synergistic promotion of PR and CR in the BTH Urban Agglomerations.