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Related Concept Videos

Flail Chest-II01:26

Flail Chest-II

Managing flail chest, a condition characterized by a segment of the chest wall moving independently from the rest of the thoracic cage, requires a comprehensive approach. It includes a thorough assessment of the patient's condition, a diagnostic evaluation to determine the extent of the injury, and the implementation of appropriate medical interventions tailored to the individual's needs.
Assessment:
1. Clinical Evaluation:
History:
Pneumothorax-II01:27

Pneumothorax-II

Pneumothorax is a medical condition defined by the buildup of air in the pleural space between the lungs and the chest wall. This accumulation of air can lead to partial or complete lung collapse, resulting in a range of clinical manifestations. Understanding the clinical presentation and effective management strategies is crucial for healthcare professionals in providing timely and appropriate care to individuals with pneumothorax.
Clinical Manifestations:
Atelectasis II: Pathophysiology01:10

Atelectasis II: Pathophysiology

Atelectasis develops when alveoli lose their air and collapse inward. Because lung tissue is naturally elastic, these air sacs shrink rather than remaining open. Collapsed alveoli are no longer ventilated, reducing their role in gas exchange. Blood flow may continue in these regions, creating a ventilation–perfusion mismatch. Clinical findings include decreased breath sounds, dullness to percussion, reduced chest expansion, and decreased tactile fremitus as sound transmission through collapsed...
Pulmonary Cycle: Exhalation01:17

Pulmonary Cycle: Exhalation

In terms of human respiration, the act of expelling air, known as exhalation (or expiration), operates on the principle of pressure gradients. During expiration, the pressure within the lungs exceeds that of the surrounding atmosphere. Under normal conditions, quiet breathing involves passive exhalation and is free of muscular contractions. This is because the exhalation process is driven by the natural elastic recoil of the lungs and chest wall, both of which have an inherent tendency to...
Acute Respiratory Failure-V01:29

Acute Respiratory Failure-V

The treatment for acute respiratory failure varies based on factors like the underlying cause, overall health, and severity. A collaborative healthcare team is essential for early detection, often through arterial blood gas analysis. Identifying the cause is the primary goal, with treatment strategies adjusted for ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) mismatch, shunting, or diffusion impairment.
Ensure that patients are monitored continuously for their response to therapy, including changes in...
Pneumothorax II: Pathophysiology01:08

Pneumothorax II: Pathophysiology

Pneumothorax means the presence of air in the pleural space — the thin potential gap between the visceral and parietal pleura. This condition disrupts the normal pressure balance that keeps the lungs inflated, leading to partial or complete collapse of the affected lung.Normal physiologyUnder normal conditions, the pleural space maintains a slightly negative intrapleural pressure, which keeps the lungs expanded against the chest wall. This negative pressure creates a delicate balance between...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 25, 2026

A Model of Self-limited Acute Lung Injury by Unilateral Intra-bronchial Acid Instillation
07:40

A Model of Self-limited Acute Lung Injury by Unilateral Intra-bronchial Acid Instillation

Published on: August 30, 2019

Lung-Muscle Interaction in ARDS: Implications for Injury, Recovery, and Long-Term Outcomes.

Luciano Amarelle1,2,3, Matías Pécora1,3,4, Verónica Hermida1,2

  • 1Departamento de Fisiopatología, Hospital de Clínicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.

Comprehensive Physiology
|June 24, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) involves lung injury affecting skeletal muscles. This review explores the bidirectional communication between lungs and muscles in ARDS, impacting patient outcomes.

Keywords:
acute lung injuryacute respiratory distress syndromeatrophydiaphragminflammationmechanical ventilationskeletal muscle

More Related Videos

Experimental Model to Evaluate Resolution of Pneumonia
09:49

Experimental Model to Evaluate Resolution of Pneumonia

Published on: February 17, 2023

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 25, 2026

A Model of Self-limited Acute Lung Injury by Unilateral Intra-bronchial Acid Instillation
07:40

A Model of Self-limited Acute Lung Injury by Unilateral Intra-bronchial Acid Instillation

Published on: August 30, 2019

Experimental Model to Evaluate Resolution of Pneumonia
09:49

Experimental Model to Evaluate Resolution of Pneumonia

Published on: February 17, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Pulmonary Medicine
  • Muscle Physiology

Background:

  • Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a systemic condition with extra-pulmonary effects.
  • Skeletal muscle dysfunction is a key factor in ARDS outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the bidirectional lung-muscle interactions in ARDS.
  • To discuss the physiological basis and dysregulation of this axis.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of physiological mechanisms.
  • Analysis of upstream and downstream pathways in lung-muscle communication.

Main Results:

  • Injured lungs can cause muscle atrophy and dysfunction via inflammation and altered gas exchange.
  • Muscle dysfunction can worsen respiratory mechanics and systemic inflammation.

Conclusions:

  • Skeletal muscle is an active organ influencing ARDS progression and recovery.
  • Understanding the lung-muscle axis can improve ARDS supportive care and preservation strategies.