Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 25, 2026
Simulator Training for Endovascular Neurosurgery
Published on: May 6, 2020
European simulation-based education and training in anaesthesiology and intensive care: evidence, value and
Crina L Burlacu1, Yitzhak Brzezinski Sinai, Gustavo Norte
1From the Department of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (CLB), Division of Surgery and Surgical Specialties, School of Medicine, University College, Dublin, Ireland (CLB), Division of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Management, Tel-Aviv Medical Center, affiliated with the Gray Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel (YBS), Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA (YBS), Department of Anaesthesiology, Unidade Local de Saúde de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal (GN), Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (GN), Caen Clinique du Parc Elsan, Normandy, France (CB), Center for Medical Simulation of Liège, University of Liège, Belgium (CB), Department of Paediatric Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Medical Faculty of Masaryk University and University Hospital Brno, Czech Republic (PS), Department of Simulation Medicine, Medical Faculty of Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic (PS), Division of Anaesthesiology, Department of Acute Care Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Switzerland (GLS), Department of Anaesthesiology, Pharmacology, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland (GLS), Institute for Medical Education, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (JB-E), RISE-Health, Centre for Health Technology and Services Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Portugal (JB-E), Department of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Mater Dei Hospital, Msida, Malta (AMCP), Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, Malta (AMCP), Copenhagen Academy for Medical Education and Simulation, Capital Region of Denmark (DO), Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (DO).
Abstract:
Anaesthesiologists, intensive care, and perioperative physicians work within multidisciplinary teams in high-risk environments where adverse events may threaten patient safety and are often avoidable. They face converging challenges, including multimorbidity and increasing clinical complexity, workforce shortages and burnout, technological evolution, and rising expectations for safety, equity, and sustainability. In this expert-driven evidence-based consensus review, we aim to demonstrate that simulation-based education and training (SBET) is uniquely positioned to address these challenges. We review how SBET adds value across the professional lifespan, from initial training to high-stakes examinations and continuing professional development. We further examine how SBET enhances team performance, identifies latent system threats, and supports organisational redesign through translational simulation. We examine how SBET can prepare for the future by fostering digital and ecological competencies. We explore key barriers to implementation, as despite SBET's value, its adoption across anaesthesiology, intensive care, and perioperative medicine remains fragmented, with limited interprofessional integration and few national frameworks. Above all, we advocate for coordinated value-based adoption of SBET across education and healthcare systems, recognising it not merely as an educational method but as a strategic infrastructure for high-reliability healthcare systems. Sustained investment, protected time, faculty development, and interprofessional integration are essential to realise its full potential. Aligned strategies to close the gap between evidence and practice are crucial. Without decisive and collective action, education and healthcare risk losing one of the most effective tools for improving patient safety, enhancing individual and system resilience, and maintaining the highest standards of excellence across our specialty and interprofessional practice.
