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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Repeated Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Combined with Action Observation Training in Children with Spastic Cerebral Palsy
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Repeated Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Combined with Action Observation Training in Children with Spastic Cerebral Palsy

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A 6-week coordinative motor training program improves spatial ability performances in healthy children.

Christina Morawietz1, Anna Maria Wissmann1, Thomas Muehlbauer1

  • 1Division of Movement and Training Sciences/Biomechanics of Sport, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.

Frontiers in Cognition
|June 24, 2026
PubMed
Summary

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A 6-week coordinative motor training program improved spatial abilities in children. This intervention is feasible and beneficial for enhancing cognitive skills alongside physical activity.

Area of Science:

  • Child Development
  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Sports Science

Background:

  • Decreasing academic achievement leads to reduced physical education (PE) time.
  • Sedentary lifestyles and rising obesity rates are global health concerns.
  • Physical activity is increasingly linked to cognitive function and academic success, particularly spatial abilities crucial for STEM fields.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of a 6-week coordinative motor training program with spatial elements on the spatial abilities of healthy children.
  • To assess the feasibility and effectiveness of integrating such training within a school setting.

Main Methods:

  • Fifty-three children (11.3 ± 0.6 years) were divided into an intervention group (coordinative motor training) and a control group (regular PE).
Keywords:
interventionmovement coordinationorientationphysical exercisevisual-spatial abilitiesyouth

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  • Training involved 2 sessions per week, 45 minutes each, for 6 weeks.
  • Spatial abilities were assessed pre- and post-intervention using standardized tests: Paper Folding Test (PFT), Mental Rotation Test (MRT), Water Level Task (WLT), Corsi Block Test (CBT), and Numbered Cones Run (NCR).

    • Main Results:

    • No significant baseline differences were observed between the intervention and control groups.
    • A significant test × group interaction was found for most spatial ability tests, indicating differential effects.
    • The intervention group showed significant medium- to large-sized improvements in spatial abilities from pre- to post-intervention, unlike the control group.

    Conclusions:

    • Coordinative motor training incorporating spatial elements is a feasible intervention for school-aged children.
    • This type of training positively impacts and enhances children's spatial abilities.