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Juror decision-making and biracial targets.

Susan Yamamoto1,2, Evelyn M Maeder3

  • 1Department of Psychology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada.

Frontiers in Cognition
|June 24, 2026
PubMed
Summary

This study found that heuristic thinking, not racial essentialism, influenced mock jurors' perceptions of Biracial defendants. Jurors relying on heuristics estimated lower European ancestry for Biracial defendants when race was highlighted.

Keywords:
biracialessentialismheuristicsjuror decision-makingrace salience

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Area of Science:

  • Social Psychology
  • Legal Psychology
  • Jury Decision-Making

Background:

  • Potential bias against Biracial defendants in legal proceedings.
  • Racial essentialism as a factor influencing perceptions.
  • The role of heuristic thinking in judgment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine bias against Biracial defendants in a juror decision-making context.
  • To test if discouraging racial essentialism mitigates bias.
  • To investigate the influence of heuristic thinking on perceptions of Biracial individuals.

Main Methods:

  • Canadian jury-eligible participants (N=326) evaluated a murder case with Black, White, or Biracial defendants.
  • Participants completed verdict decisions, a heuristics questionnaire, and racial categorization questions.
  • A fabricated case of first-degree murder of a police officer was used.

Main Results:

  • No significant effects on verdict decisions were observed.
  • Participants higher in heuristic thinking estimated lower European ancestry for Biracial defendants when race was emphasized by the defense.
  • Racial essentialism did not significantly impact bias.

Conclusions:

  • Individual differences, particularly heuristic thinking, can influence the perception of racially ambiguous individuals.
  • The tendency to rely on heuristics may affect how defendants of mixed race are perceived in legal settings.
  • Further research is needed to understand the nuances of bias in jury decision-making.