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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Measuring Attention and Visual Processing Speed by Model-based Analysis of Temporal-order Judgments

Measuring Attention and Visual Processing Speed by Model-based Analysis of Temporal-order Judgments

Published on: January 23, 2017

The effect of task-irrelevant objects in spatial contextual cueing.

Adrian von Mühlenen¹, Markus Conci²

¹Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom.

Frontiers in Cognition

|June 24, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

A task-irrelevant square significantly reduces contextual cueing, which guides visual attention. This effect is restored when the square can overlap with search items, suggesting perception influences learning.

Keywords:

attention memory template probability priming statistical learning visual search working memory

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Area of Science:

Cognitive Psychology
Visual Perception
Attention Studies

Background:

Contextual cueing improves visual search efficiency by leveraging learned spatial configurations.
Task-irrelevant objects can potentially interfere with cognitive processes like attention and learning.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate how a task-irrelevant object (a square) affects the contextual cueing effect in visual search.
To determine the conditions under which the contextual cueing effect is modulated by the presence and placement of the irrelevant object.

Main Methods:

Utilized a visual search task (T/L stimuli) with repeated display configurations to elicit contextual cueing.
Introduced a task-irrelevant green square at various locations within the search display across multiple experiments.
Manipulated the square's position relative to search stimuli and introduced display changes to assess learning and manifestation of contextual cueing.

Main Results:

The presence of a square at unoccupied locations significantly reduced the contextual cueing effect.
Contextual cueing was reinstated when the square could appear at occupied locations (overlapping stimuli).
The square interfered with both the acquisition and manifestation of contextual information, especially when perceived as part of the display background.

Conclusions:

The perception of a task-irrelevant object as integral to the search display versus background influences contextual learning.
Effective contextual learning is contingent on how visual search elements and irrelevant distractors are integrated or segregated perceptually.
Findings suggest that the spatial layout and perceived relevance of all display elements critically impact attentional guidance through contextual cueing.