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Plant Hydathodes Detect Microbial Patterns to Close Hydathode Pores and Restrict Leaf Entry.

Sarita Khanal1, Natalie Hoffmann2,3, Denise Chabot4

  • 1Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; sarita.khanal@agr.gc.ca.

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|June 24, 2026
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Plants can close leaf hydathode pores, which are entry points for pathogens, when they recognize microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs). This MAMP recognition triggers a transient closure, restricting pathogen entry.

Keywords:
Bacterial PathogensPathogen Recognition by PlantsPlant Immune Responses

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Area of Science:

  • Plant pathology
  • Plant immunology
  • Molecular biology

Background:

  • Plants possess stomata that close upon recognizing microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) to prevent pathogen entry.
  • Hydathode pores, located on leaf margins, were previously thought to lack MAMP recognition and serve as pathogen entry points.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether hydathode pores in Arabidopsis thaliana exhibit MAMP recognition and closure.
  • To determine the mechanisms and plant receptors involved in MAMP-induced hydathode pore regulation.

Main Methods:

  • Observation of hydathode pore closure in response to abscisic acid (ABA), chitin, and flg22 in Arabidopsis thaliana.
  • Quantification of fluid entry into hydathodes under different treatment conditions.
  • Analysis of MAMP-induced hydathode restriction using fluorescent bacteria and genetic knockout mutants (e.g., CERK1, FLS2, RBOHF).

Main Results:

  • Arabidopsis thaliana hydathode pores exhibit closure in response to ABA, chitin, and flg22.
  • MAMP-induced hydathode closure significantly reduces fluid and bacterial entry.
  • Chitin-induced closure depends on CERK1, RBOHF, and other signaling components, while flg22-induced closure depends on FLS2.

Conclusions:

  • MAMP recognition by pattern recognition receptors regulates entry through hydathode pores.
  • MAMPs induce transient closure of hydathode pores, acting as a defense mechanism against microbial pathogens.