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Related Concept Videos

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Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Infant Auditory Processing and Event-related Brain Oscillations
06:34

Infant Auditory Processing and Event-related Brain Oscillations

Published on: July 1, 2015

Verbal Episodic Processing in Newborns.

Emma Visibelli1, Ana Fló1, Eugenio Baraldi2

  • 1Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialisation; Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padua, Padova, Italy.

Elife
|June 24, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Newborns form verbal memories from birth. Speaker identity aids memory by separating sounds, preventing forgetting and facilitating language acquisition in infants.

Keywords:
acoustic variabilityfunctional near- infrared spectroscopyhumanneurosciencenewbornsspeaker identityverbal memory

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Linguistics

Background:

  • Human infants rapidly acquire language, with memory central to this process.
  • Early verbal memory systems and forgetting factors are not well understood.
  • Newborns exhibit memory formation, but acoustic interference causes forgetting.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate if speaker identity changes aid verbal memory formation in newborns.
  • Determine if speaker identity facilitates acoustic episode separation and reduces memory interference.
  • Explore the role of source-content binding in early verbal memory.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a familiarization-interference-test protocol with 0-4 day-old newborns.
  • Recorded neural cortical activity using functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS).
  • Analyzed brain activation patterns in response to familiar and novel words.

Main Results:

  • Infants showed significantly higher neural activation to novel words compared to familiar ones.
  • Recognition responses were observed in the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and superior temporal gyrus (STG).
  • Neural responses also involved the right IFG and STG, linked to social cue and speaker recognition.

Conclusions:

  • Speaker identity is crucial for forming verbal memories from birth.
  • Speaker changes enhance memory separability, potentially via early source-content binding.
  • This process acts as a precursor to mature episodic memory in infants.