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Published on: July 31, 2017
Is Workplace Inclusion a Distinct Research Domain? A Comparative Bibliometric Study of Autism and Employment
Kenneth Larsen1, Sambeet Mishra2
1Department of Education, University of Southeastern Norway, Borre, Norway. Kenneth.larsen@usn.no.
Purpose:
Workplace inclusion has gained prominence in autism-employment research, but it remains unclear whether it represents an extension of outcome-focused scholarship or a structurally distinct subdomain. We examined whether the two traditions can be consistently distinguished across bibliometric dimensions, and whether inclusion-oriented growth exceeds overall expansion of autism research output.
Methods:
A comparative bibliometric study used two curated corpora retrieved from Scopus and Web of Science (February 23, 2026): inclusion-oriented (INCL; n = 514) and outcome-oriented (OUT; n = 310), totaling 824 unique publications after deduplication. Structural differentiation was examined using document-level bibliographic coupling with Louvain community detection, complemented by modularity and cluster-corpus association tests. Author, journal, and keyword overlap were quantified using Jaccard indices. Annual counts were normalized against total ASD publication output in Scopus.
Results:
The coupling network yielded 22 clusters (Q = 0.426). Cluster membership was strongly associated with corpus affiliation, χ²(21) = 105.87, p < .001, Cramér's V = 0.556. Author overlap was low (J = 0.057), journal overlap modest (J = 0.179), and keyword overlap moderate (J = 0.26). The inclusion-oriented share of ASD output grew approximately 4.1-fold from 2011 to 2015 to 2021-2025, against 1.6-fold for outcome-oriented research and 2.4-fold for the broader field.
Conclusion:
Multiple bibliometric indicators consistently differentiate outcome-oriented and inclusion-oriented corpora, indicating distinct but conceptually adjacent strands of scholarship. Inclusion-oriented research has grown at a rate substantially exceeding overall field expansion. Findings provide hypothesis-generating evidence consistent with disciplinary diversification and highlight the need for integrative frameworks linking vocational rehabilitation and organizational inclusion research.
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