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Related Concept Videos

Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer02:48

Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer

Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions.
Ionic Association01:28

Ionic Association

The ionic association is the association of oppositely charged ions in an electrolyte solution to form ion pairs. Bjerrum defined ion pairs as two oppositely charged ions whose electrostatic attraction exceeds the thermal energy of the system, typically expressed as 2kT. Electrostatic attraction depends on ionic charge, separation distance, and the dielectric constant of the medium. Thermal energy, represented by kT, reflects the tendency of ions to move independently due to molecular motion.
Theory of Strong Electrolytes01:23

Theory of Strong Electrolytes

The interionic forces of the strong electrolytes depend on the solvent's dielectric constant, which is the ability of a solvent to store electrical energy, based on its polarizability. and the solution's concentration. In high-dielectric solvents and in dilute solutions, weak electrostatic forces keep ions apart. However, in low-dielectric solvents or concentrated solutions, stronger interionic forces may cause ions to pair up as ionic doublets despite being fully ionized. The theory of strong...
Molecular and Ionic Solids02:54

Molecular and Ionic Solids

Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
Molecular Solids
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Ionic Bonds00:42

Ionic Bonds

When atoms gain or lose electrons to achieve a more stable electron configuration they form ions. Ionic bonds are electrostatic attractions between ions with opposite charges. Ionic compounds are rigid and brittle when solid and may dissociate into their constituent ions in water. Covalent compounds, by contrast, remain intact unless a chemical reaction breaks them.Opposing Charges Hold Ions Together in Ionic CompoundsIonic bonds are reversible electrostatic interactions between ions with...
Batteries and Fuel Cells03:12

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A battery is a galvanic cell that is used as a source of electrical power for specific applications. Modern batteries exist in a multitude of forms to accommodate various applications, from tiny button batteries such as those that power wristwatches to the very large batteries used to supply backup energy to municipal power grids. Some batteries are designed for single-use applications and cannot be recharged (primary cells), while others are based on conveniently reversible cell reactions that...

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Solid-state Graft Copolymer Electrolytes for Lithium Battery Applications
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Multihydrogen-bond-bridged composite solid electrolytes enabling continuous Li+ pathways for stable solid-state

Xin Jia1, Xinyu Da1, Yanyang Qin2

  • 1School of Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, National Innovation Platform (Center) for Industry-Education Integration of Energy Storage Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.

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Researchers developed a new composite solid electrolyte for safer, high-energy solid-state batteries. This material overcomes interface issues, enabling stable performance even at high ceramic content, paving the way for practical applications.

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Focused Ion Beam Fabrication of LiPON-based Solid-state Lithium-ion Nanobatteries for In Situ Testing
10:58

Focused Ion Beam Fabrication of LiPON-based Solid-state Lithium-ion Nanobatteries for In Situ Testing

Published on: March 7, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Polymer Chemistry

Background:

  • Composite solid electrolytes (CSEs) are crucial for next-generation solid-state batteries, offering enhanced safety and energy density.
  • A key challenge is poor interface compatibility between garnet-type solid electrolytes (e.g., LLZTO) and polymer components, often due to Li2CO3 passivation layers.
  • This incompatibility leads to uneven ceramic distribution and hinders Li+ transport, especially in high-ceramic-content CSEs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To address the interface compatibility issues in garnet-based CSEs.
  • To develop a novel surface modification strategy for ceramic particles in CSEs.
  • To achieve continuous Li+ transport pathways and enhance the electrochemical performance of high-ceramic-content CSEs.

Main Methods:

  • Chemically converted the Li2CO3 passivation layer on LLZTO ceramics into brushlike PEGMA-co-UPyMA polymers.
  • Integrated the modified LLZTO ceramics (LLZTO-g-PEGMA-co-UPyMA) with a dynamic supramolecular ionic conducting polymer (DSICP).
  • Fabricated a homogeneous CSE (LLZTO-g-PEGMA-co-UPyMA@DSICP) utilizing hydrogen bond coupling for enhanced Li+ transport.

Main Results:

  • Achieved a homogeneous CSE with continuous Li+ transport pathways, even at 90 wt% ceramic loading.
  • Demonstrated exceptional cycling stability in Li|LiFePO4 cells (88.8% capacity retention after 2000 cycles).
  • Showcased excellent performance in 4.4-V Li|NMC811 cells (83.7% capacity retention after 300 cycles) and a 1.26 Ah pouch cell (85.6% retention after 100 cycles).

Conclusions:

  • The developed surface modification strategy effectively overcomes interface limitations in garnet-based CSEs.
  • The resulting CSE exhibits superior ionic conductivity and electrochemical stability for practical solid-state lithium batteries.
  • This approach offers a promising pathway for realizing high-performance, safe, and reliable solid-state batteries.