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Related Concept Videos

Self-Report Tests of Personality01:22

Self-Report Tests of Personality

Self-report inventories are objective personality assessments that use multiple-choice items or numbered scales, typically ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). They are often called Likert scales after Rensis Likert. These inventories are widely used due to their ease of administration and cost-effectiveness. One of the most prominent examples is the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), initially developed in the 1940s to assess abnormal personality traits.
Longitudinal Research02:20

Longitudinal Research

Sometimes we want to see how people change over time, as in studies of human development and lifespan. When we test the same group of individuals repeatedly over an extended period of time, we are conducting longitudinal research. Longitudinal research is a research design in which data-gathering is administered repeatedly over an extended period of time. For example, we may survey a group of individuals about their dietary habits at age 20, retest them a decade later at age 30, and then again...
Theory of Romantic Attachment in Adulthood03:34

Theory of Romantic Attachment in Adulthood

Attachment is a long-standing connection or bond with others. While Attachment Theory was conceived in developmental psychology to describe infant-caregiver bonding, it's been extended into adulthood to include romantic relationships.
Dimensions of Health and Illness01:21

Dimensions of Health and Illness

The factors influencing the health-illness continuum can be internal or external and may or may not be under conscious control. They are related to the following eight human dimensions, and each dimension is interrelated to one other.
Assessment of the Gastrointestinal System II: Health Perception Pattern01:29

Assessment of the Gastrointestinal System II: Health Perception Pattern

Assessing the gastrointestinal (GI) system is a complex process that begins with collecting subjective data. This data, collected through patient interviews, provides crucial insights into the patient's health history, perception patterns, and lifestyle habits, all contributing significantly to GI health.
Health Perception Patterns
Health perception patterns offer valuable insights into a patient's lifestyle habits and how they may impact their GI health. These patterns include:
Self-Evaluation Maintenance Model01:29

Self-Evaluation Maintenance Model

The Self-Evaluation Maintenance (SEM) model offers a psychological framework to understand how individuals’ self-esteem is influenced by the achievements of others, particularly those with whom they share close personal bonds. The SEM model operates when personal rather than social identity guides individuals. Central to this model is the notion that individuals have an inherent desire to preserve a favorable self-image, which is continuously shaped by interpersonal comparisons and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Hyperscanning Study in Psychological Counseling
06:04

Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Hyperscanning Study in Psychological Counseling

Published on: January 17, 2025

Future Orientation Scale: A Psychometric Evaluation Across Health-Vulnerable Samples.

Heather R Altier1,2, Fuschia M Sirois3, Elizabeth L Jeglic4

  • 1East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, USA.

Assessment
|June 24, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Future orientation, a key factor in well-being, was measured using the Future Orientation Scale (FOS). The scale demonstrated strong measurement invariance across diverse, at-risk populations.

Keywords:
Future Orientation ScaleLGBTQ+fibromyalgiapsychometric propertiesrace and ethnicity

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Hyperscanning Study in Psychological Counseling
06:04

Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Hyperscanning Study in Psychological Counseling

Published on: January 17, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Health Psychology
  • Psychometrics

Background:

  • Future orientation, characterized by positive future expectations and goal pursuit, is linked to better health outcomes.
  • Assessing future orientation is crucial for understanding psychological well-being in vulnerable populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the psychometric properties and measurement invariance of the six-item Future Orientation Scale (FOS).
  • To examine future orientation levels across racially and ethnically minoritized undergraduates, individuals with fibromyalgia, and sexual and gender minority (SGM) individuals.

Main Methods:

  • Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were employed.
  • Multigroup CFA was used to test measurement invariance across three distinct samples.
  • The Future Orientation Scale (FOS) was administered to 3,219 undergraduates, 508 individuals with fibromyalgia, and 496 SGM individuals.

Main Results:

  • A single-factor solution for the FOS was identified in the developmental sample.
  • CFA confirmed adequate model fit across all three samples.
  • Full measurement invariance (configural, metric, scalar) was supported, enabling latent mean comparisons.
  • Undergraduates reported the highest future orientation, followed by SGM individuals, and then individuals with fibromyalgia.

Conclusions:

  • The six-item Future Orientation Scale (FOS) exhibits robust measurement invariance.
  • The FOS effectively captures variations in future orientation among diverse populations at elevated health risk.
  • Findings support the FOS's utility for research and clinical applications involving future orientation in at-risk groups.