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Artificial Intelligence, Cognitive Aging, and the Late-Career Surgeon: A Narrative Review

Kimberly McElveen1, Don K Nakayama2

  • 1Faculty Affairs, Pathology and Clinical Sciences Education, Mercer University School of Medicine, Columbus, GA, USA.

The American Surgeon
|June 25, 2026
PubMed
Abstract

Keywords:
aging surgeonartificial intelligenceautomation biascognitive agingcognitive reservesurgical judgment

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