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Published on: September 6, 2024
Gender Identity and Gender Dysphoria in Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Systematic Review.
Sara Zekri1, Esperanza Navarro-Pardo1, Francisco Alcantud-Marín1
1Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Universitat de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
Actas Espanolas De Psiquiatria
|June 25, 2026
Summary
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may influence gender identity and gender dysphoria. Recognizing gender diversity in ASD is crucial for better clinical support and future research.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Psychiatry
- Gender Studies
Background:
- Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by social-communication deficits and repetitive behaviors.
- Recent research explores the link between ASD, gender identity (GI), and gender dysphoria (GD).
- Studies suggest a higher prevalence of GD traits in individuals with ASD compared to the general population.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review the relationship between ASD and GD in adults without cognitive impairment.
- To synthesize current research on ASD, GI, and GD.
Main Methods:
- A systematic search was conducted in major databases (Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, PsycInfo, Embase).
- Keywords included "autism" AND "gender" variations.
- Studies published since 2013 (post-DSM-5) and limited to title searches were included.
Main Results:
- The review identified 12 articles with diverse methodologies and small, convenience samples, primarily from Western societies.
- Results indicate a relationship between ASD and diverse GI, with a positive correlation between ASD and GD.
- Some studies also noted ASD's influence on sexual orientation and libido.
Conclusions:
- ASD may influence the formation of GI and potentially impact GD.
- Recognizing GI diversity in individuals with ASD is vital for effective clinical support.
- Further research with larger, more representative, and gender-balanced samples is needed.
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These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
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