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Current status and progress of validation studies on the ICOPE scale: a scoping review
Yuan Zhao1, Mei He2, Songye Zhao3
1Department of Geriatrics, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China.
Frontiers in Public Health
|June 25, 2026
Summary
The Integrated Care for Older People (ICOPE) screening tool shows global promise for identifying functional decline in aging populations. However, its effectiveness varies by culture, necessitating context-specific application and further research for standardized implementation.
Area of Science:
- Gerontology
- Public Health
- Health Services Research
Background:
- Global population aging presents a significant public health challenge in managing functional decline in older adults.
- The World Health Organization's Integrated Care for Older People (ICOPE) framework and screening tool aim to prevent disability by assessing intrinsic capacity.
- A systematic review of the ICOPE tool's implementation strategies, effects, and challenges across diverse global contexts is lacking.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review global implementation evidence of the ICOPE screening tool.
- To analyze the integration pathways and influencing factors of the ICOPE tool.
- To provide a foundation for developing integrated care models suitable for various resource settings.
Main Methods:
- Systematic retrieval and inclusion of relevant literature.
- Comprehensive sorting and comparative analysis of study designs, populations, and screening rates.
- Evaluation of tool performance indicators (sensitivity, specificity) and implementation challenges.
Main Results:
- Significant heterogeneity observed in the global application of the ICOPE screening tool.
- Positive screening rates vary widely due to differences in research design, populations, and criteria.
- Common challenges include a disconnect between screening and intervention, digital tool accessibility issues, limited long-term effect evidence, and lack of unified diagnostic criteria.
Conclusions:
- The ICOPE framework demonstrates preliminary feasibility and global acceptance, but tool performance requires culturally and population-specific interpretation.
- Future research should focus on standardizing core indicators, verifying long-term validity, and establishing integrated screening-assessment-intervention pathways.
- Effective global implementation, particularly in resource-limited areas, requires addressing identified challenges and promoting a unified approach.
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