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Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Interventional Diagnostic Procedure: A Practical Guide for the Assessment of Coronary Vascular Function
Published on: March 15, 2022
[Coronary angiography: From cardiac catheterization to advanced interventional cardiovascular imaging]
Thomas F Lüscher1,2,3,4,5
1Heart Division, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospital, London, UK.
Introduction:
Coronary angiography has evolved from the first cardiac catheterization performed by Werner Forssmann into a highly precise imaging modality of the coronary arteries. Modern techniques such as intravascular ultrasound, optical coherence tomography, and physiological measurements including FFR and iFR enable combined structural and functional assessment of coronary stenoses. At the same time, non-invasive coronary computed tomography, particularly with photon-counting technology, is gaining importance for diagnosis and procedural planning. Cardiovascular imaging is therefore becoming central to personalized management of coronary artery disease.
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