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Readiness for Pointe Shoes in Ballet: A Delphi Consensus Study
Haydee Ferguson1, Rhiannon Snipe1, Jason Bonacci1
1Centre for Sport Research in the Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, 75 Pigdons Road, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, 3216, Australia.
Sports Medicine - Open
|June 25, 2026
Summary
Determining pointe readiness in ballet dancers involves assessing skills, physical traits, and well-being. This study established consensus criteria for safe progression, highlighting the need for standardized pointe readiness assessments.
Area of Science:
- Dance Science
- Sports Medicine
- Biomechanics
Background:
- Pointe shoe progression is a critical milestone in ballet training.
- Current guidelines for pointe readiness are broad and subjective, lacking consensus.
- A need exists for objective criteria to ensure dancer safety and optimal progression.
Purpose of the Study:
- To establish consensus on essential criteria for commencing pointe work.
- To explore differing perspectives among ballet teachers and health professionals.
- To identify key reasons for conducting pointe readiness assessments.
Main Methods:
- A scoping review identified existing pointe readiness criteria.
- A Delphi study involved 21 experts (ballet teachers, health professionals, dance researchers).
- Criteria were synthesized and rated using a 4-point Likert scale, with consensus defined as ≥80% agreement.
Main Results:
- Ninety-nine criteria were identified, grouped into skill/training, physical characteristics, and health/well-being.
- 48 criteria reached consensus, with single-leg heel-rise, balance, control, and injury history showing highest agreement.
- 18 out of 22 reasons for assessment reached consensus, emphasizing baseline establishment and informed decision-making.
Conclusions:
- Consensus-informed pointe readiness criteria were established, revealing differing expert priorities.
- While IADMS guidelines were supported, standardized assessment methods are lacking.
- Pointe readiness assessments are valuable for informing progression and developing evidence-based guidelines.
