Biological and Race Strategy Characteristics Investigated in Elite Endurance Track Running: A Systematic Review

Area of Science:

• Sports Science
• Athletics
• Human Performance

Background:

• Elite endurance track runners' biological and race strategies are crucial for high-performance athletics.
• Understanding these characteristics offers valuable insights for coaches and programs.

Purpose of the Study:

• To identify biological and race strategy characteristics in elite able-bodied endurance track runners.
• To determine if these characteristics differentiate performance success within this cohort.

Main Methods:

• Systematic review of studies published up to May 2023.
• Searches across major databases and specialized athletics resources.
• Included studies focused on senior able-bodied endurance track runners (800-10,000m) at benchmark events.

Main Results:

• 39 articles reviewed; common characteristics include anthropometry, biomechanics, pacing, and qualification patterns.
• Race strategy, particularly pacing, offered better insights due to larger sample sizes.
• Superior finishing ability, faster final 400m splits, and maintaining recent personal best paces are key performance differentiators.

Conclusions:

• Biological and race strategy characteristics associated with performance success were identified.
• Findings can inform athlete development and investment strategies.
• Further research is needed for a holistic understanding of elite endurance runners' profiles.