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Related Concept Videos

Transformers with Off-Nominal Turns Ratios01:25

Transformers with Off-Nominal Turns Ratios

In scenarios involving parallel transformers with disparate ratings, developing per-unit models requires accommodating off-nominal turns ratios. This situation arises when the selected base voltages are not proportional to the transformer’s voltage ratings. Consider a transformer where the rated voltages are related by the term a. If the chosen voltage bases satisfy a relationship involving term b, term c is defined as the ratio of these bases. This ratio is then substituted into the rated...
Transformers in Distribution System01:27

Transformers in Distribution System

Transformers in distribution systems can be broadly categorized into distribution substation transformers and other distribution transformers. They are crucial for stepping down high transmission voltages to levels suitable for distribution and end-user applications.
Distribution substation transformers come in various ratings and typically use mineral oil for insulation and cooling. To prevent moisture and air from entering the oil, some transformers use an inert gas like nitrogen to fill the...
Transformers01:26

Transformers

A device that transforms voltages from one value to another using induction is called a transformer. A transformer consists of two separate coils, or windings, wrapped around the same soft iron core. However, they are electrically insulated from each other.
The iron core has a substantial relative permeability. Therefore, the magnetic field lines generated due to the current in one winding are almost entirely confined within the core, such that the same magnetic flux permeates each turn of both...
Energy Losses in Transformers01:21

Energy Losses in Transformers

In an ideal transformer, it is assumed that there are no energy losses, and, hence, all the power at the primary winding is transferred to the secondary winding. However, in reality,  the transformers always have some energy losses, and, hence, the output power obtained at the secondary winding is less than the input power at the primary winding due to energy losses.
There are four main reasons for energy losses in transformers.
The first cause can be  the high resistance of the copper windings...
Reducing Line Loss01:18

Reducing Line Loss

In a three-phase circuit, line loss is an indicator of energy dissipated as heat due to the resistance of transmission lines. To address this, incorporating transformers into the system—a step-up transformer at the source and a step-down transformer at the load—is a strategic solution. Two three-phase transformers are introduced to improve this.
With a step-up transformer at the source, the voltage is increased, thereby reducing the current in the transmission lines since power loss in...
Types Of Transformers01:16

Types Of Transformers

Transformers can provide desired voltages to a circuit by modifying the number of turns in the secondary windings.
If the ratio of the number of turns in the secondary winding to that of the primary winding is greater than one, then the transformer is said to be a step-up transformer. In a step-up transformer, the voltage at the secondary winding is greater than the voltage applied at the primary winding.
However, if this ratio is less than one, the transformer is said to be a step-down...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 27, 2026

A Swin Transformer-Based Model for Thyroid Nodule Detection in Ultrasound Images
04:23

A Swin Transformer-Based Model for Thyroid Nodule Detection in Ultrasound Images

Published on: April 21, 2023

Transformer-based advertisement image layout generation and object fidelity optimization.

Dandan Xu1, Kun Hu2, Linlu Cai3,4

  • 1College of Plastic Arts, Daegu University, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea.

Plos One
|June 25, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

LAYOBJ-GAN improves advertisement image generation by explicitly modeling background and object layouts for complex scenes. This novel framework enhances visual focus and message accuracy in generated advertisements.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 27, 2026

A Swin Transformer-Based Model for Thyroid Nodule Detection in Ultrasound Images
04:23

A Swin Transformer-Based Model for Thyroid Nodule Detection in Ultrasound Images

Published on: April 21, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Computer Vision
  • Artificial Intelligence
  • Machine Learning

Background:

  • Image layout and object positioning significantly influence audience focus and message effectiveness in advertisements.
  • Existing text-to-image models struggle with complex scenes, leading to poor quality and inaccurate ad message conveyance.
  • Controlling object placement is crucial for effective advertisement design.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel framework for layout-controllable advertisement image synthesis that addresses limitations in complex scene generation.
  • To improve the accuracy and quality of advertisements generated from textual descriptions by controlling spatial arrangements.
  • To enhance the ability of AI models to generate advertisements that effectively convey specific messages through precise layout control.

Main Methods:

  • Proposed LAYOBJ-GAN, a two-stage framework for layout-controllable advertisement image synthesis.
  • Introduced a Transformer-based sequence-to-sequence layout generator to model joint background and object layouts, capturing long-range dependencies.
  • Developed a fine-grained text-layout interaction normalization module (TL-Norm) for adaptive object appearance modulation using object knowledge transfer.

Main Results:

  • LAYOBJ-GAN demonstrated superior performance over seven state-of-the-art methods on MS-COCO and AsHQ-10K datasets.
  • Achieved significant improvements in image quality, layout controllability, and semantic object accuracy for complex advertisement images.
  • The explicit modeling of background layouts and object-level knowledge transfer proved effective for intricate scene synthesis.

Conclusions:

  • Explicitly modeling background layouts alongside object layouts is key for comprehensive spatial planning in complex scenes.
  • Transferring object-level generative knowledge enhances the adaptive modulation of object appearance based on text and layout.
  • LAYOBJ-GAN offers a robust solution for generating high-quality, controllable advertisement images, effectively addressing the challenges of complex scene synthesis.