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Assessing the imaging calibration factor for quantitative SPECT/CT of actinium-225.

Monika Tulik1, Jakub Krzemiński1, Dariusz Pawlak2

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Applied Radiation and Isotopes : Including Data, Instrumentation and Methods for Use in Agriculture, Industry and Medicine
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Summary

Optimizing quantitative imaging protocols for Actinium-225 (225Ac) involves selecting appropriate energy windows and matrix sizes. This research guides the development of accurate imaging calibration factors (ICFs) for 225Ac.

Keywords:
Actinium-225Imaging calibration factorQuantitative imagingSPECT/CT

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Area of Science:

  • Nuclear Medicine
  • Medical Imaging Physics
  • Radiopharmaceutical Dosimetry

Background:

  • Accurate quantification of radionuclides like Actinium-225 (225Ac) is crucial for dosimetry and treatment planning in targeted alpha therapy.
  • Quantitative imaging calibration factors (ICFs) are essential for converting measured counts to activity, but are sensitive to imaging protocol parameters.
  • The complex decay scheme of 225Ac, involving multiple daughter radionuclides, complicates quantitative SPECT/CT imaging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the impact of various quantitative imaging protocol parameters on the ICF for 225Ac.
  • To determine optimal energy window settings and matrix sizes for reliable 225Ac quantification.
  • To assess different segmentation methods for ICF determination in SPECT/CT.

Main Methods:

  • Measurements were performed using point source and cylindrical phantom geometries with varying activities.
  • Planar and tomographic (SPECT/CT) acquisitions were conducted using nine combinations of primary and scatter energy windows.
  • Data were analyzed with different matrix sizes (128x128 and 64x64), and ICFs were determined using multiple segmentation techniques.

Main Results:

  • ICF values varied significantly based on geometry, energy window configurations, and matrix size.
  • The study identified optimal energy window settings, including those for 213Bi and 221Fr, to account for scatter.
  • A 64x64 matrix size was found to be beneficial for quantitative imaging of 225Ac.

Conclusions:

  • The selection of energy windows and matrix size critically influences 225Ac ICFs in quantitative imaging.
  • Recommended protocol includes specific energy windows for 225Ac and its daughters, along with scatter correction.
  • Implementing these optimized parameters can improve the accuracy of 225Ac activity quantification in clinical settings.