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Related Concept Videos

Carbon-dioxide Fixation01:28

Carbon-dioxide Fixation

Carbon dioxide fixation in prokaryotes enables the assimilation of inorganic carbon into organic molecules, supporting biosynthetic pathways, sustaining ecosystems, and contributing to the global carbon cycle. It also has industrial applications in carbon capture and bioproduct synthesis. Autotrophic organisms rely on this process to utilize CO₂ as a carbon source in diverse environments.The Calvin CycleThe Calvin cycle is the most widespread carbon fixation mechanism, primarily used by...
Introduction to Mechanisms of Enzyme Catalysis01:13

Introduction to Mechanisms of Enzyme Catalysis

For many years, scientists thought that enzyme-substrate binding took place in a simple "lock-and-key" fashion. This model stated that the enzyme and substrate fit together perfectly in one instantaneous step. However, current research supports a more refined view scientists call induced fit. The induced-fit model expands upon the lock-and-key model by describing a more dynamic interaction between enzyme and substrate. As the enzyme and substrate come together, their interaction causes a mild...
Introduction to Mechanisms of Enzyme Catalysis01:13

Introduction to Mechanisms of Enzyme Catalysis

For many years, scientists thought that enzyme-substrate binding took place in a simple "lock-and-key" fashion. This model stated that the enzyme and substrate fit together perfectly in one instantaneous step. However, current research supports a more refined view scientists call induced fit. The induced-fit model expands upon the lock-and-key model by describing a more dynamic interaction between enzyme and substrate. As the enzyme and substrate come together, their interaction causes a mild...
Cofactors and Coenzymes01:24

Cofactors and Coenzymes

Enzymes are proteins made of amino acids. The functional group of each constituent amino acid catalyzes a wide variety of chemical reactions via ionic interactions or acid-base reactions. However, amino acids cannot catalyze oxidation-reduction and group transfer reactions and need to be aided by non-protein components called cofactors. Cofactors are also referred to as the chemical teeth of an enzyme.
Cofactors can be metallic ions or organic molecules called coenzymes. These types of helper...
Cofactors and Coenzymes01:27

Cofactors and Coenzymes

Enzymes require additional components for proper function. There are two such classes of molecules: cofactors and coenzymes. Cofactors are metallic ions and coenzymes are non-protein organic molecules. Both of these types of helper molecule can be tightly bound to the enzyme or bound only when the substrate binds.
Enzymes02:34

Enzymes

Inside living organisms, enzymes act as catalysts for many biochemical reactions involved in cellular metabolism. The role of enzymes is to reduce the activation energies of biochemical reactions by forming complexes with its substrates. The lowering of activation energies favor an increase in the rates of biochemical reactions.
Enzyme deficiencies can often translate into life-threatening diseases. For example, a genetic abnormality resulting in the deficiency of the enzyme G6PD...

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Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Synthesis and Performance Characterizations of Transition Metal Single Atom Catalyst for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction
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Synthesis and Performance Characterizations of Transition Metal Single Atom Catalyst for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction

Published on: April 10, 2018

Enzymes for CO2 fixation: Discovery, engineering, and applications.

Zhimian Bai1, Jie Gu1, Yan Xu1

  • 1Lab of Brewing Microbiology and Applied Enzymology, School of Biotechnology and Key laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.

Biotechnology Advances
|June 25, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Carbon dioxide (CO2) utilization via enzymatic fixation offers a sustainable route to a carbon-neutral bioeconomy. This review explores enzymes and pathways for efficient CO2 conversion into valuable products, treating it as a resource.

Keywords:
Artificial carbon fixation pathwaysCO(2) utilizationCarbon sequestration efficiencyCarbon-neutral economic valueEnzymatic carbon fixation

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Last Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Synthesis and Performance Characterizations of Transition Metal Single Atom Catalyst for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction
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Published on: April 10, 2018

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Immobilization of Multi-biocatalysts in Alginate Beads for Cofactor Regeneration and Improved Reusability

Published on: April 22, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology and Biochemistry
  • Environmental Science and Engineering
  • Sustainable Chemistry

Background:

  • Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a major greenhouse gas driving climate change.
  • CO2 utilization is crucial for developing a sustainable, carbon-neutral bioeconomy.
  • Enzymatic CO2 fixation provides a pathway to understand and improve CO2 sequestration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review naturally occurring CO2-fixation enzymes and their mechanisms.
  • To explore strategies for designing artificial CO2-fixation pathways.
  • To highlight the biocatalytic potential of carboxylases and decarboxylases for synthesizing high-value compounds.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of CO2-fixation enzymes and biochemical pathways.
  • Analysis of catalytic mechanisms and enzyme engineering strategies.
  • Exploration of biocatalytic applications in biosynthesis and process optimization.

Main Results:

  • Summary of diverse CO2-fixation enzymes and their catalytic functions.
  • Overview of design principles for artificial CO2-fixation systems.
  • Demonstration of CO2 conversion into valuable products using carboxylases and decarboxylases.

Conclusions:

  • Enzymatic CO2 fixation is a viable strategy for sustainable carbon management.
  • CO2 can be viewed as a valuable resource for biosynthesis, not just a pollutant.
  • Future work should focus on multi-enzyme cascades and bioreactor design for efficient CO2 valorization.