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Effects of GLP-1 receptor agonists on periodontal tissue: An interdisciplinary evidence mapping - scoping review
João Pedro Henriques1, Artur Villas Boas Weckwerth2, Adriana Campos Passanezi Santana2
1Faculté de médecine de Bauru, université de São Paulo (FMBRU-USP), Alameda Dr. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, Bauru, SP, 17012-901, Brazil.
Annales Pharmaceutiques Francaises
|June 25, 2026
Summary
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) show promise in preclinical models for reducing periodontal inflammation and bone loss. However, current evidence is limited and insufficient to support clinical use, necessitating further investigation.
Area of Science:
- Periodontology
- Endocrinology
- Pharmacology
Background:
- Diabetes mellitus and periodontal disease share inflammatory pathways.
- Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) possess anti-inflammatory properties.
- Limited evidence exists on GLP-1RAs' effects on periodontal health.
Purpose of the Study:
- To map the available evidence on GLP-1RAs' effects on periodontal tissues.
- To identify underlying mechanisms of action for GLP-1RAs in periodontal contexts.
Main Methods:
- A systematic scoping review was conducted following PRISMA-ScR guidelines.
- Searches included major databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, LILACS, Cochrane Library).
- Eligibility criteria were applied to studies evaluating GLP-1RAs in periodontal models or tissues.
Main Results:
- Seven preclinical studies (3 animal, 3 in vitro, 1 mixed) published 2015-2022 were included.
- Liraglutide was the most investigated GLP-1RA.
- GLP-1RAs demonstrated reduced inflammation, attenuated bone resorption, and enhanced osteogenesis, often via NF-κB/MAPK and Wnt/β-catenin pathways.
Conclusions:
- Current evidence is exclusively preclinical and insufficient for therapeutic recommendations.
- A biologically plausible hypothesis for GLP-1RA benefits in periodontal disease exists.
- Rigorous clinical trials are required to validate these preclinical findings.
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