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Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy (DISE) with Target Controlled Infusion (TCI) and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Published on: December 6, 2016
Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Cardiovascular Disease: Mechanisms, Diagnostics, and Emerging Therapeutic Approaches
Bridget R Alber1, Emily C Cheung1, Rebekah Russo1
1Department of Biomedical Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA.
None:
Current diagnostic methods for OSA and CSA are costly, unreliable, and the therapeutic options are limited, with varying efficacy across patients. As the prevalence of sleep apnea and cardiovascular disease continue to rise, identifying innovative therapies through advances in biomedicine and personalized medicine has become increasingly critical. This review discusses the mechanistic links between sleep apnea and subsequent cardiovascular outcomes from a technical perspective, focusing on innovations currently applied to the diagnosis and treatment of sleep apnea, and opportunities for further advancement in the field.
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