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Preschool Teachers' Intentions to Use GenAI: Extending UTAUT.
Chenchen Hao1, Zeguo Wang2, Ping Wang1
1Faculty of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.
Behavioral Sciences (Basel, Switzerland)
|June 26, 2026
Summary
Preschool teachers are more likely to adopt generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) when they see its benefits and feel technologically adept. Perceived risks decrease adoption, while effort and conditions have no significant impact.
Area of Science:
- Educational Technology
- Artificial Intelligence in Education
- Early Childhood Education
Background:
- Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) is rapidly developing, necessitating an understanding of its adoption in early childhood education.
- Preschool teachers' willingness to adopt new technologies like GenAI is crucial but underexplored.
- The Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) provides a framework for examining technology adoption factors.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate factors influencing preschool teachers' intention to adopt Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) in their teaching practices.
- To develop and test a research model based on the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT).
- To explore the roles of performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, facilitating conditions, perceived risks, and tech-savviness.
Main Methods:
- A sequential mixed-methods approach was employed.
- Quantitative phase: 399 valid questionnaires analyzed using structural equation modeling after a GenAI workshop.
- Qualitative phase: 15 in-depth interviews to provide further explanatory insights.
Main Results:
- Performance expectancy, social influence, and tech-savviness positively predicted GenAI adoption intention.
- Perceived risk negatively influenced adoption intention.
- Effort expectancy and facilitating conditions showed no significant association with adoption intention.
Conclusions:
- Key drivers for GenAI adoption among preschool teachers include perceived usefulness, social support, and technological confidence.
- Perceived risks act as a barrier to GenAI adoption.
- Findings are exploratory due to methodological limitations; further research is needed for generalizability, especially in collectivist cultures.
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