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Related Experiment Videos

In-Class AI Use and Attitudes Among University Students: The Different Mediating Roles of Cognitive Relief and

Wenqiang Fan¹, Lu Cheng², Yanxiao Wang³

¹School of Humanities & Social Sciences, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China.

Behavioral Sciences (Basel, Switzerland)

|June 26, 2026

Summary

Artificial intelligence (AI) use in class offers cognitive relief, positively impacting student attitudes more than cognitive offloading. Educators should guide students to understand AI

Keywords:

cognitive offloading cognitive relief competitive mediation complementary mediation generative artificial intelligence

Related Experiment Videos

Area of Science:

Cognitive psychology
Educational technology
Human-computer interaction

Background:

Artificial intelligence (AI) use in education presents a dual effect: cognitive relief and cognitive offloading.
Understanding how these effects influence student attitudes and decision-making is crucial for effective integration.
University students' perceptions of AI's cognitive impact require investigation within academic settings.

Purpose of the Study:

To explore university students' perceptions of cognitive relief and cognitive offloading from in-class AI use.
To identify the mediating mechanisms through which cognitive relief and offloading influence student attitudes.
To differentiate the effects of complementary and competitive mediation in AI adoption.

Main Methods:

Quantitative analysis of questionnaire data from 287 university students.
Application of structural equation modeling (SEM) to test mediation hypotheses.
Utilizing bootstrap methods to confirm the significance of indirect effects.

Main Results:

Cognitive relief acts as a complementary mediator between AI use and student attitudes.
Cognitive offloading functions as a competitive mediator, opposing cognitive relief's effect.
Cognitive relief demonstrates a stronger overall mediating influence on student attitudes compared to cognitive offloading.

Conclusions:

AI use in education has distinct mediating effects on student attitudes, with cognitive relief being more dominant.
Educators should foster a nuanced understanding of AI to mitigate potential negative psychological impacts.
Leveraging AI for cognitive relief in higher-order learning, coupled with critical thinking practices, can enhance student engagement and learning outcomes while mitigating risks of cognitive offloading.