Towards Sensitization Profiling for Allergy Prevention in Russia: A Systematic Review

Allergy is the most common hypersensitivity disorder, affecting around 30% of the global population. Due to its rapidly increasing prevalence and significant reduction in quality of life for patients, allergy represents a major public health problem, and the improvement of diagnostic and treatment options for allergic diseases is of utmost importance. Moreover, the development of preventive allergen-specific immunization strategies is an emerging research direction in mitigating allergy incidence, especially for respiratory diseases such as allergic rhinitis and asthma. Since environmental allergen exposures differ substantially depending on climatogeographical, ecological, and behavioral factors, investigating local IgE sensitization profiles could significantly contribute to optimizing allergy management. We performed a systematic database review to summarize available knowledge on IgE sensitization profiles in Russia across different regions of the country. The study was conducted in compliance with PRISMA and SWiM guidelines and registered in the PROSPERO database (CRD420250650847). We identified major differences in sensitization profiles across certain geographical areas, reported in 60 studies. However, heterogeneity of methods and gaps in the existing evidence were noted, and, as the available data appear insufficient for reliable profiling, an outline was proposed for systematic and methodologically harmonized studies necessary to develop further region-tailored approaches.