Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 27, 2026

In Vitro Ubiquitination and Deubiquitination Assays of Nucleosomal Histones
Published on: July 25, 2019
E3 Ligases and Deubiquitinases in Controlling High-Mobility Group Box (HMGB) Protein Functions
Elena V Chikhirzhina1, Alexey N Tomilin1, Anna S Tsimokha1
1Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Stem Cells, Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky Av. 4, Saint Petersburg 194064, Russia.
Abstract:
High-Mobility Group Box (HMGB) proteins belong to the family of high-mobility proteins characterized by two DNA-binding domains and an unstructured, negatively charged C-terminal domain that modulates DNA-protein and protein-protein interactions. These proteins participate in multiple cellular processes, including DNA replication, transcription, recombination, and repair. The functional activity of HMGB proteins is associated with various physiological and pathological conditions, including malignant tumors and cardiovascular diseases, highlighting the need for strict regulation of their levels and activity to maintain cellular homeostasis. Such regulation can occur at multiple levels, including proteolytic degradation. In recent years, a number of E3 ubiquitin ligases that promote the degradation of HMGB proteins, as well as deubiquitinases (DUBs) that stabilize them by removing ubiquitin tags, have been identified. This review summarizes these enzymes and their proposed roles in controlling the functions of the HMGB family proteins, both through direct interaction with these proteins and via mediator proteins.
Related Concept Videos
Regulated Protein Degradation
Protein degradation plays two important roles in the cells. It helps to protect cells from misfolded or damaged proteins before they lead to a...
Intralumenal Vesicles and Multivesicular Bodies
Export of Misfolded Proteins out of the ER
Covalently Linked Protein Regulators
These groups modify specific amino acids in a protein.
Receptor Downregulation in MVBs
The EGFR can initiate signaling pathways that lead to cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. Overexpression of EGFR stimulates cells to proliferate. Excessive EGFR activation may...
Protein Complexes with Interchangeable Parts
The SCF ubiquitin ligase is a protein complex of five individual proteins. This complex attaches ubiquitin to other target proteins to mark them for degradation. In order to...

