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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis III01:31

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III

Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
Pulmonary Tuberculosis V01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis V

Medical management of tuberculosis (TB) patients involves a comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. The specific strategies can vary depending on the type of tuberculosis (latent or active), the patient's overall health status, and other considerations.
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the progression...
Tuberculosis01:23

Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant global health concern, primarily targeting the lungs and spreading through airborne transmission. Infection begins when aerosolized droplet nuclei, expelled by an individual with active TB, are inhaled by another person. These microscopic particles carry Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of TB. Upon reaching the alveoli, the bacilli are engulfed by alveolar macrophages. However, due to their specialized lipid-rich cell wall, these pathogens...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV01:26

Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV

Tuberculosis, more commonly referred to as TB, is an infectious disease stemming from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it primarily impacts the lungs, TB can also affect other body areas. Given its severity and global impact, timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for controlling its spread and improving patient outcomes.
Several diagnostic approaches are used to detect TB. The conventional method is the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), also known as the Mantoux test. However, this method has...

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Micro-Colony Forming Unit Assay for Efficacy Evaluation of Vaccines Against Tuberculosis
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Tuberculosis in Small Ruminants in Portugal: A Retrospective Laboratory-Based Study (2012-2023).

Handreza Junqueira Cobra1,2, Leonor Orge2,3, Paula Mendonça3

  • 1Department of Veterinary Sciences, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal.

Animals : an Open Access Journal From MDPI
|June 26, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Goats, not sheep, are significant reservoirs for animal tuberculosis (TB) in Portugal, primarily caused by Mycobacterium caprae. These findings highlight the need to include goats in TB surveillance and control programs.

Keywords:
Mycobacterium capraeOne HealthPortugalcaprine tuberculosishealth surveillancehistopathologysmall ruminants

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Microbiology
  • Zoonotic Diseases
  • Animal Health Surveillance

Background:

  • Animal tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC), poses risks to public and animal health.
  • While cattle are the primary focus of eradication, small ruminants like goats may act as reservoirs.
  • Limited data exists on TB in Portuguese small ruminants.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize tuberculosis cases in Portuguese small ruminants diagnosed between 2012 and 2023.
  • To identify causative MTBC agents and assess diagnostic agreement.
  • To inform surveillance and control strategies for animal TB.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 79 suspected TB samples from goats (64) and sheep (15) using histopathology, bacteriology, and PCR.
  • Identification of MTBC species and characterization of lesions.
  • Assessment of agreement between diagnostic methods.

Main Results:

  • Twenty-nine positive TB cases (36.7%) were confirmed, exclusively in goats (45.3% of tested goats).
  • Mycobacterium caprae (89.7%) was the predominant species, followed by Mycobacterium bovis (10.3%).
  • Cases were concentrated in Alentejo and Norte regions; respiratory lesions were common (82.7%).

Conclusions:

  • Goats are significant reservoirs for TB in Portugal, unlike sheep, necessitating species-specific control measures.
  • The prevalence of respiratory lesions suggests potential aerogenous transmission, impacting multi-host systems.
  • Combined diagnostic approaches are crucial due to diagnostic discordance and parasitic coinfections.