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Temperature Measurement Sites

Temperature Measurement Sites

A thermometer measures body temperature. The common sites for measuring body temperature are the oral cavity, axillary region, temporal artery, and skin surface, such as the forehead, abdomen, and axilla. True core body temperature is assessed in the rectum, tympanic membrane, pulmonary artery, esophagus, and urinary bladder.
Oral: When assessing oral temperature, the thermometer tip should be placed under the tongue in the posterior sublingual pocket. It offers accurate readings and can be...

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Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Fabrication and Testing of Photonic Thermometers

Fabrication and Testing of Photonic Thermometers

Published on: October 24, 2018

Study and Optimization of a High-Performance SPR-PCF Temperature Sensor for Low-Temperature Monitoring Applications.

Xinyuan Wang¹, Ke Jia¹, Zixi Fu¹

¹Department of Applied Physics, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China.

|June 26, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

A novel surface plasmon resonance photonic crystal fiber (SPR-PCF) sensor offers highly sensitive temperature detection in low-temperature settings. This optimized sensor achieves a maximum sensitivity of 36 nm/°C for applications like cold-chain monitoring.

Keywords:

finite element method low-temperature sensing mode-field control photonic crystal fiber surface plasmon resonance

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Area of Science:

Photonics
Optical Sensing
Materials Science

Background:

Accurate temperature sensing is crucial for low-temperature environments, including cold-chain logistics and scientific research.
Existing sensors often face limitations in sensitivity and operating range for sub-zero conditions.
Photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) offer unique light-matter interaction possibilities for sensor development.

Purpose of the Study:

To design and optimize a novel surface plasmon resonance photonic crystal fiber (SPR-PCF) sensor for highly sensitive low-temperature detection.
To investigate the impact of structural parameters on the sensor's performance.
To evaluate the sensor's suitability for applications requiring precise low-temperature monitoring.

Main Methods:

Utilized a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) principle integrated into a PCF structure with a central and dual-layer air-hole arrangement.
Employed the finite element method (FEM) for analyzing resonance behavior and thermal response.
Optimized key structural parameters, including gold-film thickness and air-hole dimensions, via cumulative parametric scanning.

Main Results:

The optimized SPR-PCF sensor demonstrated effective temperature sensing within the range of -25 °C to 40 °C.
Achieved a maximum temperature sensitivity of 36 nm/°C.
Reported a full width at half-maximum (FWHM) of 18.57 nm and a figure of merit (FOM) of 1.2923.

Conclusions:

The designed SPR-PCF sensor exhibits excellent performance for low-temperature sensing applications.
The sensor's high sensitivity and optimized structure make it a promising candidate for cold-chain monitoring and storage.
Further development could enhance its applicability in various cryogenic and industrial sensing scenarios.