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Related Concept Videos

Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune system...
Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Biologic Agents: Anti-TNF01:24

Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Biologic Agents: Anti-TNF

Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF), a proinflammatory cytokine, contributes significantly to the inflammation seen in Crohn's disease. It exists as soluble TNF and membrane-bound TNF, with actions mediated through TNF receptors (TNFR). TNFR activation leads to the release of proinflammatory cytokines, T-cell activation, collagen production, and leukocyte migration, all contributing to inflammation in Crohn's disease. Anti-TNF monoclonal antibodies, namely infliximab (Remicade), adalimumab (Humira),...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease IV: Pharmacological Management01:29

Inflammatory Bowel Disease IV: Pharmacological Management

Upon diagnosis, managing Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) involves addressing several crucial aspects. The primary goals include resting the bowel, correcting malnutrition, and providing symptomatic relief. Resting the bowel may consist of medications to reduce inflammation and promote healing. Correcting malnutrition is essential, often requiring dietary adjustments and nutritional supplements. Symptomatic relief aims to ease pain, diarrhea, and other discomforts in IBD.
Pharmacologic...
Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection01:26

Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection

The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin create...
Infectious Diseases and Their Occurrence01:28

Infectious Diseases and Their Occurrence

Infectious diseases appear in populations through various transmission patterns, influenced by pathogen characteristics, population immunity, environmental conditions, and social behavior. Understanding these patterns is essential for effective public health surveillance and intervention. These categories—sporadic, outbreak, epidemic, pandemic, and endemic—help frame the nature and scope of disease events.Sporadic diseases occur irregularly and infrequently, without a predictable temporal or...
Drug Products: Biologics, Biosimilars and Interchangeables01:28

Drug Products: Biologics, Biosimilars and Interchangeables

Biologics, derived from living sources such as humans, animals, or microorganisms, represent a significant category of pharmaceuticals. These complex molecules, developed through advanced biotechnological methods or purified from natural sources, include essential medical treatments like insulin and growth hormones. The complexity of biologics arises from their large molecular structures and the intricate processes required for their production, making them distinct from conventional...

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Related Experiment Videos

Infectious Risks Associated with Biologic Therapies in Autoimmune, Rheumatologic and Dermatologic Diseases: A

Stefania Capuccio1,2, Francesco Romano3, Joan R Rello4

  • 1Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95122 Catania, Italy.

Microorganisms
|June 26, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Biologic and targeted synthetic DMARDs control autoimmune diseases but increase infection risks. Proactive screening, vaccination, and prophylaxis are crucial for managing these infectious complications.

Keywords:
autoimmune diseasebiological therapyinfection riskinfectious diseases

Related Experiment Videos

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Rheumatology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Biologic and targeted synthetic DMARDs offer significant advancements in managing autoimmune diseases (ADs).
  • These immunomodulatory therapies, however, elevate the risk of various infections.
  • Understanding and mitigating these infection risks is critical for patient safety.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review infectious risks associated with biologic DMARDs (bDMARDs) and targeted synthetic DMARDs (tsDMARDs) in AD patients.
  • To characterize infection profiles by drug class and identify risk factors.
  • To provide evidence-based recommendations for infection screening, prevention, and management.

Main Methods:

  • A narrative review synthesizing evidence from literature searches (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library) up to March 2026.
  • Prioritization of data from major international registries (BSRBR-RA, DANBIO, RABBIT) and guidelines (ACR, EULAR, IDSA).
  • Analysis focused on infection-related outcomes linked to bDMARDs and tsDMARDs.

Main Results:

  • TNF-α inhibitors and rituximab showed higher serious infection rates; IL-17 and IL-23 inhibitors had lower profiles.
  • Patient-related risk factors included steroid use, older age, and prior serious infections.
  • An integrated framework for risk stratification across different drug classes and ADs was developed.

Conclusions:

  • bDMARDs and tsDMARDs are innovative, effective AD treatments with favorable benefit-risk ratios when combined with prevention strategies.
  • Systematic prevention, including universal screening for tuberculosis and viral hepatitis, parasitic screening, vaccination, and prophylaxis, can mitigate infectious complications.
  • Integrated risk stratification and proactive management are key to safe and effective use of these therapies.