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Related Concept Videos

Repressible Operon: trp Operon01:21

Repressible Operon: trp Operon

The trp operon in Escherichia coli exemplifies a repressible operon. It regulates the synthesis of tryptophan through repressor-mediated transcriptional control and attenuation. This dual regulatory mechanism ensures tryptophan biosynthesis occurs only when needed, conserving cellular resources.Structure of the trp OperonThe trp operon consists of five structural genes (trpE, trpD, trpC, trpB, and trpA) that encode enzymes for tryptophan biosynthesis. These genes are transcribed as a single...
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Stringent Response in E. coli

Bacterial growth is closely tied to nutrient availability, with cells proliferating exponentially under favorable conditions and entering a stationary phase when resources become scarce. This transition is mediated by a regulatory mechanism known as the stringent response, which allows bacteria to adapt to nutrient deprivation by modulating gene expression and metabolic activity.During nutrient scarcity, intracellular amino acid levels decline. It results in the accumulation of uncharged tRNAs...
Constitutive and Regulated Gene Expression01:27

Constitutive and Regulated Gene Expression

Gene expression in prokaryotes is governed by constitutive and regulated systems, allowing cells to balance the production of essential proteins with adaptive responses to environmental changes.Constitutive Gene ExpressionConstitutive, or housekeeping, genes are continuously expressed as they encode proteins vital for fundamental cellular processes. These include enzymes for glycolysis, ribosomal components for protein synthesis, and proteins involved in DNA replication. Their constant...
Other Stress Responses in Bacteria01:30

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Bacteria have global regulatory systems that control several types of stress mechanisms. These include Pho regulon and the heat shock response, which are essential systems for environmental adaptation, such as nutrient limitation and proteotoxic stress. The Pho regulon and the heat shock response exemplify bacterial resilience, enabling rapid adaptation to fluctuating environmental conditions.Pho RegulonBacteria require phosphorus for essential cellular processes, including nucleic acid...
Regulation of the Unfolded Protein Response01:31

Regulation of the Unfolded Protein Response

Inositol-requiring kinase one or IRE1 is the most conserved eukaryotic unfolded protein response (UPR) receptor. It is a type I transmembrane protein kinase receptor with a distinctive site-specific RNase activity. As the binding mechanics of the misfolded proteins with the N-terminal domain of IRE-1 are unclear, three binding models — direct, indirect, and allosteric -- are proposed for receptor activation. Nevertheless, it is known that once a misfolded protein associates with IRE1, it...
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Prokaryotic Transcriptional Activators and Repressors

The organization of prokaryotic genes in their genome is notably different from that of eukaryotes. Prokaryotic genes are organized, such that the genes for proteins involved in the same biochemical process or function are located together in groups. This group of genes, along with their regulatory elements, are collectively known as an operon. The functional genes in an operon are transcribed together to give a single strand of mRNA known as polycistronic mRNA.
Transcription of prokaryotic...

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Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Expression of Recombinant Cellulase Cel5A from Trichoderma reesei in Tobacco Plants
13:05

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Published on: June 13, 2014

Understanding Repression Under Secretion Stress in Trichoderma reesei During Cellulase Expression.

Reshma Jadhav1, Güler Demirbas Uzel2, Julien Charest1

  • 1Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, TU Wien, Gumpendorfer Str. 1a, 1060 Vienna, Austria.

Microorganisms
|June 26, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Trichoderma reesei utilizes unfolded protein response (UPR) and repression under secretion stress (RESS) pathways for enzyme production. RESS primarily acts at transcription initiation, and industrial production involves diverse enzyme induction rather than UPR or RESS.

Keywords:
Trichoderma reeseicellulasesrepression under secretion stressunfolded protein response

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Industrial Microbiology

Background:

  • Trichoderma reesei is crucial for industrial enzyme production.
  • Cellular mechanisms balancing protein folding stress and secretion, like UPR and RESS, are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To clarify the roles of UPR and RESS in T. reesei secretion.
  • To investigate the relationship between UPR and RESS.
  • To determine the regulatory level of RESS.

Main Methods:

  • Exposure to dithiothreitol to induce UPR.
  • Suppression of protein de novo synthesis to investigate UPR-RESS interaction.
  • Transcription blocking experiments.
  • Recombinant strain engineering (promoter and terminator exchange).
  • Whole transcriptome analysis of industrial fermentations.

Main Results:

  • Dithiothreitol increased UPR genes (≥6-fold) and decreased target genes (cbh1: ≥5-fold, egl2: ≥6-fold).
  • RESS was observed even when UPR was suppressed, indicating a non-hierarchical relationship.
  • RESS primarily acts at transcription initiation, not transcript stability.
  • Recombinant strains with promoter exchange showed increased cbh1 transcript (≥45-fold), while terminator exchange did not.
  • Industrial cellulase production revealed diverse hydrolytic enzyme induction and pathway adjustments, not UPR or RESS signatures.

Conclusions:

  • UPR and RESS are distinct mechanisms in T. reesei secretion.
  • RESS regulation occurs mainly at the transcriptional initiation level.
  • Industrial enzyme production employs different strategies than those typically associated with UPR and RESS stress responses.