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Updated: Jun 27, 2026
07:10
Untargeted Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry-Based Metabolomics Analysis of Wheat Grain
Published on: March 13, 2020
Application of the Generalized Maxwell Model for Single-Kernel Relaxation Experiments-Part 1: Effect of Wheat Type
Grzegorz Łysiak1, Jawad Kadhim Al Aridhee2, Ryszard Kulig1
1Department of Food Engineering and Machines, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland.
Materials (Basel, Switzerland)
|June 26, 2026
Summary
This study characterized wheat kernel stress relaxation using generalized Maxwell models. Higher moisture content increased relaxation rates and force decay, while hard wheat varieties showed distinct viscoelastic properties.
Area of Science:
- Agricultural Engineering
- Food Science
- Materials Science
Background:
- Wheat kernel viscoelasticity is crucial for processing and quality.
- Understanding stress relaxation behavior informs milling and storage practices.
- Generalized Maxwell models offer a framework for analyzing viscoelastic materials.
Purpose of the Study:
- To characterize the stress relaxation of wheat kernels.
- To investigate the influence of kernel hardness and moisture content on viscoelastic properties.
- To apply generalized Maxwell models (3, 5, and 7 elements) for this characterization.
Main Methods:
- Single-kernel stress relaxation tests under controlled axial compression.
- Acquisition of force decay data.
- Non-linear regression analysis to fit data to generalized Maxwell models and estimate constants.
Main Results:
- Positive correlation observed between wheat kernel moisture content and Maxwell model constants.
- Increased moisture content led to greater force decay magnitude and higher relaxation rates.
- Residual force decreased with increasing moisture content.
- Significant differences in viscoelastic parameters were identified between hard and soft wheat varieties.
Conclusions:
- Wheat kernel moisture content significantly impacts stress relaxation behavior.
- Kernel hardness is a key factor influencing viscoelastic parameters.
- Generalized Maxwell models effectively characterize wheat kernel viscoelasticity under varying conditions.
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