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Related Concept Videos

Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health01:25

Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health

The growth and maintenance of bone are regulated by a combination of nutritional factors, including vitamins, such as vitamin A, B12, C, D, and K.
Vitamin A
Vitamin A is involved in the process of bone remodeling. Retinoic acid, the active metabolite of Vitamin A, has nuclear receptors in osteoblasts and osteoclasts, which are involved in bone remodeling.
Vitamin B12
Vitamin B12 acts as a cofactor during the formation of osteoblast-related proteins, such as osteocalcin. Vitamin B12 plays a role...
Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling01:31

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during bone...
Essential Minerals for Bone Health01:31

Essential Minerals for Bone Health

The minerals contained in all of the food we consume are essential for our organ systems. However, certain essential minerals, such as calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, manganese, and fluoride, largely affect bone health.
Calcium and Phosphorus
Calcium is a critical component of bones, especially in the form of calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate. Since the body cannot make calcium, it must be obtained from the diet. However, calcium cannot be absorbed from the small intestine without...
Bone Remodeling and Repair01:31

Bone Remodeling and Repair

Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during bone...
Hormones and Bone Tissue01:17

Hormones and Bone Tissue

The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
Hormones That Influence Osteoblasts and/or Maintain the Matrix
Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...
Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Mouse Lumbar Vertebra Uniaxial Compression Testing with Embedding of the Loading Surface
07:52

Mouse Lumbar Vertebra Uniaxial Compression Testing with Embedding of the Loading Surface

Published on: December 1, 2023

The Gut-Bone Axis: A Systematic Review on the Potential Intervention Pathways for Bone Health.

Tomás Cantón-Cordeiro1, Saeka Shimochi1, Miho Nakamura1,2,3

  • 1Medicity Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland.

Life (Basel, Switzerland)
|June 26, 2026
PubMed
Summary

The gut microbiome influences bone health by producing metabolites that affect bone remodeling. Specific probiotics may offer new strategies for preventing and treating osteoporosis.

Keywords:
bone healthextracellular matrixgut microbiotagut–bone axisgut–brain–bone axismetabolitesosteoporosisprobiotics

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Using Inducible Osteoblastic Lineage-Specific Stat3 Knockout Mice to Study Alveolar Bone Remodeling During Orthodontic Tooth Movement
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Using Inducible Osteoblastic Lineage-Specific Stat3 Knockout Mice to Study Alveolar Bone Remodeling During Orthodontic Tooth Movement

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Multimodal Approach to Assess Bone Regeneration and Scaffold Performance
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Multimodal Approach to Assess Bone Regeneration and Scaffold Performance

Published on: February 13, 2026

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Mouse Lumbar Vertebra Uniaxial Compression Testing with Embedding of the Loading Surface
07:52

Mouse Lumbar Vertebra Uniaxial Compression Testing with Embedding of the Loading Surface

Published on: December 1, 2023

Using Inducible Osteoblastic Lineage-Specific Stat3 Knockout Mice to Study Alveolar Bone Remodeling During Orthodontic Tooth Movement
05:25

Using Inducible Osteoblastic Lineage-Specific Stat3 Knockout Mice to Study Alveolar Bone Remodeling During Orthodontic Tooth Movement

Published on: July 21, 2023

Multimodal Approach to Assess Bone Regeneration and Scaffold Performance
06:54

Multimodal Approach to Assess Bone Regeneration and Scaffold Performance

Published on: February 13, 2026

Area of Science:

  • Microbiome research
  • Skeletal biology
  • Metabolic pathways

Background:

  • Osteoporosis is linked to disrupted bone remodeling.
  • Gut microbiota and metabolites significantly impact skeletal health via gut-bone and gut-brain-bone axes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and identify key microbial factors influencing bone remodeling.
  • To establish a mechanistic link between gut function and skeletal biology.
  • To explore microbiome-based therapeutic targets for osteoporosis.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of 932 studies.
  • Analysis of microbial taxa, metabolites, and signaling pathways.
  • Integration with the Phylobone extracellular matrix proteins database.

Main Results:

  • Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), tryptophan metabolites, and β-D-glucuronidase activity are central microbial mechanisms in bone formation and resorption.
  • Osteopontin and Cathepsin K are identified as downstream mediators of microbial signals in bone matrix turnover.
  • Probiotic strains like Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and L. reuteri show potential for improving bone health.

Conclusions:

  • A mechanistic framework connecting gut function to skeletal biology has been outlined.
  • Microbiome-based interventions show promise for osteoporosis treatment.
  • Understanding the gut-bone axis is crucial for skeletal health management.