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Related Concept Videos

Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms-SNPs01:05

Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms-SNPs

A single nucleotide polymorphism or SNP is a single nucleotide variation at a specific genomic position in a large population. It is the most prevalent type of sequence variation found in the human genome. Point mutations that occur in more than 1% of the population qualify as SNPs. These are present once every 1000 nucleotides on an average in the human genome. Replacement of a purine with another purine (A/G) or a pyrimidine with another pyrimidine (C/T) is known as a transition. In contrast,...

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Correction: Jiménez-Sánchez et al. Antioxidant Enzymes Genetic Variants Associated with Urticaria/Angioedema Induced by Cross-Reactive Hypersensitivity to Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs. <i>Pharmaceuticals</i> 2026, <i>19</i>, 522.

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Repurposing Candidate Drugs to Prevent SARS-CoV-2: A PharmLines Test-Negative Case-Control Study.

Guiling Zhou1, Nina Dael1, Stefan Verweij1,2

  • 1Unit of Pharmaco-Therapy, -Epidemiology and -Economics (PTEE), Department of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands.

Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)
|June 26, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

No studied drugs showed protective effects against COVID-19 infection. However, certain antihypertensives and metformin were linked to an increased risk of original strain SARS-CoV-2 infection, advising against their prophylactic use.

Keywords:
COVID-19COVID-19 vaccinationSARS-CoV-2SARS-CoV-2 variantpharmacoepidemiologyrepurposing drugstest negative case control

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Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pharmacology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants necessitate accessible, low-cost COVID-19 prevention strategies.
  • Drug repurposing is a time-efficient approach, but clinical data for existing drugs is limited.
  • The PharmLines Initiative enabled assessment of 42 candidate drugs' association with COVID-19 infection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the association between 42 candidate drugs and COVID-19 infection.
  • To investigate potential effect modification by SARS-CoV-2 variants and vaccination status.

Main Methods:

  • Test-negative case-control study using Lifelines cohort and IADB.nl dispensing data.
  • Matched cases (RT-PCR positive) and controls (RT-PCR negative) for age, sex, and testing date.
  • Multivariable conditional logistic regression with subgroup analyses for variant and vaccination effects.

Main Results:

  • None of the 42 drugs were associated with protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection.
  • Chronic use of calcium channel blockers, diuretics, and metformin showed increased risk for original strain SARS-CoV-2 infection.
  • No significant associations were found when stratified by COVID-19 vaccination status.

Conclusions:

  • No studied drugs demonstrated protective associations against SARS-CoV-2 infection.
  • Certain antihypertensives and metformin were associated with an increased risk of infection.
  • Findings do not support off-label use of these drugs for COVID-19 prophylaxis in the general population.