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Effects of Boat Class and Size on Intracycle Velocity Variation During 2000 m Competitive Rowing: A GPS- and

Joana Leão1, Ricardo Cardoso1, Aléxia Fernandes1

  • 1Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport and Porto Biomechanics Laboratory, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|June 26, 2026
PubMed
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Intracycle velocity variation (IVV) in rowing is lower in sculling boats and longer boats, indicating better technical efficiency. This sensor-derived measure can monitor rowing technique across different boat classes.

Area of Science:

  • Sports Science
  • Biomechanics
  • Performance Analysis

Background:

  • Rowing performance is a function of boat velocity and technical efficiency.
  • These factors vary significantly across different boat classes and disciplines.
  • Quantifying intracycle velocity variation (IVV) offers insights into technical execution.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify intracycle velocity variation (IVV) in competitive rowing across various boat classes.
  • To examine the relationship between IVV and biomechanical variables.
  • To determine if IVV is a useful indicator of technical efficiency in rowing.

Main Methods:

  • Collected data from 49 races involving 206 experienced rowers during national regattas.
  • Utilized GPS (15 Hz) and accelerometry (100 Hz) to record boat velocity and position.
Keywords:
GPSaccelerometrybiomechanicsintracycle velocity variationon-water assessmentrowingsensor-based monitoringtechnical efficiency

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  • Classified boats by discipline (sweep vs. sculling) and length (short vs. long).
  • Main Results:

    • Sculling boats exhibited higher average velocity and lower IVV compared to sweep boats (p ≤ 0.05).
    • Longer boats achieved significantly higher velocities and demonstrated greater technical index and distance per cycle than shorter boats (p ≤ 0.05).
    • Strong correlations were found between velocity metrics, technical index, distance per cycle, and IVV, varying by boat class.

    Conclusions:

    • Intracycle velocity variation (IVV) is influenced by boat class and crew characteristics.
    • IVV serves as a relevant sensor-derived indicator for monitoring technical efficiency in competitive rowing.
    • The findings highlight the importance of boat classification in analyzing rowing performance and technique.