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Overview of Electromagnetic Interference Mechanisms and System-Level Effects in MHz-Range Wireless Charging for
Kirill Nefjodov1, Mahmoud Ibrahim1, Anton Rassõlkin1
1Department of Electrical Power Engineering and Mechatronics, Tallinn University of Technology, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia.
Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|June 26, 2026
Summary
High-frequency wireless power transfer (WPT) for electric vehicles (EVs) introduces new electromagnetic interference (EMI) challenges. This review systematizes EMI sources and effects in MHz-range EV WPT systems.
Area of Science:
- Electrical Engineering
- Electromagnetics
- Power Electronics
Background:
- Wireless power transfer (WPT) for electric vehicles (EVs) is shifting to MHz frequencies to enhance power density and component miniaturization.
- Higher operating frequencies in WPT systems introduce complex electromagnetic interference (EMI) behaviors not seen in kHz-range systems.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide a comprehensive review of EMI generation mechanisms and system-level effects in high-frequency (MHz-range) WPT systems for EVs.
- To systematize the understanding of EMI in EV WPT from an electromagnetic perspective.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of state-of-the-art research on EMI in MHz-range EV WPT systems.
- Analysis of interference sources including switching transients, resonant phenomena, parasitic capacitances, and magnetic coupling.
- Examination of system-level effects and coupling paths.
Main Results:
- Identified key EMI sources: switching-induced common-mode currents, resonant amplification, capacitive coupling, and magnetic field redistribution due to misalignment.
- Highlighted the shift from lumped-element to distributed electromagnetic behavior at higher frequencies.
- Discussed potential impacts on vehicle electronic subsystems.
Conclusions:
- MHz-range EV WPT systems necessitate a frequency-aware electromagnetic design approach.
- Integrated modeling and rigorous electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) assessment are crucial for reliable wireless EV charging.
- Further research is needed to fully understand and mitigate EMI in these advanced systems.
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