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MxArray: A Modular, Multiplexed, and Massive MEMS-Based Acoustic Array.

Ricardo Moreno1, Jorge Ortigoso-Narro2, Daniel de la Prida3

  • 1Department of Aerospace Engineering, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 28911 Leganés, Spain.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|June 26, 2026
PubMed
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This study introduces MxArray, a low-cost, modular acoustic array system for aeroacoustics. It enables high-density microphone measurements using an embedded Linux system, offering a scalable solution for complex sensing needs.

Area of Science:

  • Acoustics
  • Embedded Systems Engineering
  • Signal Processing

Background:

  • State-of-the-art acoustic arrays often use expensive, specialized hardware.
  • There's a need for modular, high-density sensing in aeroacoustics.
  • Existing solutions lack flexibility and cost-effectiveness for complex environments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present the design of a multiplexed, modular, scalable, and low-cost massive acoustic array (MxArray).
  • To enable high-density microphone measurements in complex aeroacoustics environments.
  • To provide a practical and cost-effective alternative to existing acoustic array systems.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized an embedded Linux system with an AM3358 SoC microprocessor.
  • Implemented a Time-Division Multiplexing (TDM) scheme to handle 64 microphones per module.
Keywords:
MEMS microphone arrayembedded systemmassive acoustic arraymultichannel audio serial porttime-division multiplexing

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  • Employed Precision Time Protocol (PTP) and pulse injection for synchronization.
  • Designed a perforated, thin four-layer printed-circuit board with an Underbrink Spiral sensor pattern.
  • Integrated Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) microphones for a cost-effective solution.
  • Main Results:

    • Developed a modular acoustic array (MxArray) capable of handling 64 microphones per module.
    • Achieved synchronized audio data acquisition using PTP and pulse injection.
    • Demonstrated a cost-effective solution with built-in Ethernet connectivity and accessible software development.
    • Evaluated a full-scale system with 16 modules (1024 microphones) in a honeycomb pattern.
    • The sensor layout achieved low sidelobe and narrow main lobe characteristics.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed MxArray offers a practical and scalable solution for massive microphone measurements.
    • The system is well-suited for applications like beamforming in aeroacoustics.
    • This modular design provides a cost-effective and flexible approach to high-density acoustic sensing.